ATP Hydrolysis & Reaction Coupling Flashcards
What does ATP mean?
Adenosine Triphosphate
Considered as a nucleic acid because it contains the following:
- nitrogenous base
- a sugar
- a phosphate group
ATP
An energy source that powers cellular work
ATP
Types of Cellular Work
Chemical
Mechanical
Transport
Uses transport mechanisms
Pumping of substances across the membranes
Transport
Synthesis of polymers from monomers
Chemical
Regulated movement (beating of cillia, contraction of muscles)
Mechanical
Structure is similar to _____ which is why ATP is used to make this
RNA
Adenosine is composed of?
Adenine and Ribose
Binds Adenosine & Triphosphate
Phosphoester Bonds
Binds within the phosphate group
Phosphoanhydride Bonds
Is ATP unstable?
Yes
How would ATP become more stable?
Through Hydrolysis
Products of the Hydrolysis of ATP
ADP & Inorganic Phosphate ([HOPO4]2-)
Hydrolysis of ATP works through?
Nucleophillic Attack
Breakdown of bonds between phosphate groups
Hydrolysis
Process of ATP Hydrolisis
- Lone pairs of _____ will try to bind to the ____ group
Oxygen in water; Phosphate
Process of ATP Hydrolisis
- Bonding Oxygen and Phosphate is difficult due to ____ ions surrounding it
Negative Oxygen
Process of ATP Hydrolisis
- ____ releases positive ions to counteract the negative ions of oxygen of a phosphate group, allowing the oxygen of water to pass through
ATPase
Process of ATP Hydrolisis
- After bonding, the phosphate would ____ forming ADP and Inorganic Phosphate
break off
Does hydrolysis release energy?
Yes
Hydrolysis releases so much energy because…
- Toxicity is HIGH
- Ions want to get out of the situation
The release of energy in hydrolysis can be comparable to a _____
Spring
End of hydrolysis permits _____ to detatch from the group (Another term for the last phosphate)
Terminal Phosphate
When the terminal phosphate is detatched at the end of hydrolysis what happens?
Energy is released
Why is ATP unstable?
Due to the Ions of the phosphate group repelling each other
What happens after Hydrolysis releases energy?
Becomes stable, energy released is used to power up reactions
Can DNA become unstable?
Yes, but it depends (usually on the individual strands)
Exergonic is used to power _____
Endergonic reactions
Joining together to form a new compound
Reaction Coupling
Is energy stored in bonds?
NO
Only in reactants
Amount of energy for standard conditions
-30.5 Kj/mol
Amount of energy for typical cellular conditions
-13 Kj/mol
Involves energy transfer
Coupled Reactions
No energy transfer
Uncoupled Reactions
The product of the first reaction is picked-up and used as a reactant of the second product
Shared intermediate
Energy generated from the first reaction is used to power the second reaction
Done by photophosphorylation
Is ATP Hydrolysis reversable?
Yes
