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FSC300 > Photography: Digital, Lenses and Exposure > Flashcards

Photography: Digital, Lenses and Exposure Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the diopter?

A

Adjusts for your eyesight so images don’t seem blurry in viewfinder

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2
Q

What is the basic building block of digital images?

A

Pixel

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3
Q

How do pixels generate an image?

A

Each pixel assigned a number that represents a light intensity and colour

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4
Q

What is an array and what does it do?

A

The combination of CCD and Bayer filter
Enables CCDs to record colour

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5
Q

Define SWGIT s. 1.4

A

Digital imaging is an accepted practice in forensic science, law enforcement, and the courts

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6
Q

Define SWGIT s. 2.1

A

Image capture devices should be capable of rendering an accurate representation.
Different applications will dictate different standards of accuracy.

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7
Q

What camera is recommended for use by SWGIT?

6

A

Digital camera capable of
interchangeable lenses,
manual override for exposure and focus,
off-camera flash,
remote shutter release
and tripod mount.

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8
Q

List the three types of lenses SWGIT recommends.

A

28 mm wide angle lens
60 mm macro lens
18-140 mm zoom lens

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9
Q

Define SWGIT 2.2

3

A

Image compression is the process of reducing a digital file’s size.
Compression may be lossy or lossless
Decision to use lossy or lossless will be dictated by the intended use of the image.

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10
Q

Why does SWGIT say that images intended for analysis should be compressed via a lossy process?

A

Lossy compression results in the lost of critical image information and introduction of unwanted artifacts.

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11
Q

What are the three different digital photography file types?

A
  1. JPEG
  2. TIFF
  3. RAW
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12
Q

What file type is recommended by SWGIT?

A

RAW

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13
Q

What is RAW?

A

Uncompressed file with no post-processing.

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14
Q

Why does RAW produce large file sizes?

A

All information is retained

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15
Q

What must be done to RAW images before printing?

A

Manually correct

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16
Q

What does TIFF stand for?

A

Tagged information file format

17
Q

Describe TIFF files.

2

A

Lossless compression or no compression format
No information is discarded

18
Q

What does JPEG stand for?

A

Joint photographic experts group

19
Q

Is JPEG lossy or lossless?

A

Lossy

20
Q

Describe how compression in JPEG works.

A

Computer looks at file and decides what can be discared. Only replaceable information will be tossed, not important detailed information.

21
Q

What are the advantages of JPEG?

5

A
  1. Small file size - maximum number of images on camera card
  2. Fastest in-camera processing
  3. No post-processing required
  4. Compatible with all computers
  5. Small file size - easy to transfer across internet
22
Q

What are the disadvantages of JPEG?

3

A
  1. Lossy format
  2. Higher level of compression = greater amount of data lost
  3. Every time you modify and resave a JPEG image, it loses more data
23
Q

What are the advantages of TIFF?

4

A
  1. Very high quality (16 bit)
  2. No post-processing required
  3. Lossless
  4. Can be enhanced and resaved without degredation
24
Q

What are the disadvantages of TIFF?

3

A
  1. Very large files - slow in-camera processing
  2. Large memory cards required
  3. Files will tax computer resources and require large storage space
25
Q

What are the benefits of RAW?

A
  1. All original detail stays with the image
  2. 12-bit format
  3. Camera performs no brightness/contrast adjustments, colour balancing or sharpening.
26
Q

What are the disadvantages of RAW?

2

A
  1. No industry standard. Each camera manufacturer has its own proprietary format
  2. Not compatible with mainstream computers
27
Q

What is the primary purpose of a camera lens?

A

To focus an image onto a film plane or digital sensor

28
Q

Outline some general tips for lens care.

5

A
  1. Do not touch lens glass
  2. Replace lens cap when not being used
  3. Use a UV or clear glass filter to protect the front element
  4. Clean only when necessary and use a blower brush and a lens pen
  5. If heavier cleaning is required, use proper lens tissues and do not place cleaning solution directly on the glass
29
Q

What focal length is the most similar to the human eye?

A

50 mm

30
Q

Define focal length.

A

The distance in mm between the optical center of the lens and the focal point, located on sensor or film

31
Q

Describe the relationship between focal length and angle of view.

A

Shorter focal length = wider angle of view

32
Q

What does proper exposure mean?

A

Recording full scale of tones

33
Q

How can exposure be controlled?

A

Camera shutter and aperture

34
Q

Define the reciprocity law.

A

Exposure = intensity x time

FSC300 (11 decks)

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