Photography Flashcards
What is a Drive dial?
Drive dial over on the left side of the camera controls what happens when you press down on the shutter release
What is aperture?
The aperture is the opening within the lens that limits the amount of light that can pass through it.
By changing the aperture value, you increase or decrease the size of that opening, thereby allowing more or less light into the camera.
Aperture is measured in f-stops, such as f/16 and f/14, but here’s the thing: The smaller the f-stop number, the larger the opening, and vice versa.
If you want less light to enter (small aperture), go for a larger f-stop. How large your lens’ aperture can open will depend on your lens. (Hint: A lens’ maximum aperture will be part of its model name, like a 50mm f/1.8 or a 24-120mm f/4.)
DOF
Depth of field. How much depth will be in focus within the image.
An image with a large DOF will have sharp focus from foreground to background, while a small, or shallow, DOF sees the focus concentrated on one particular plane, with foreground and background elements blurred away.
When thinking about the f-stop, choose a smaller number (larger aperture) to achieve a shallower DOF, or a larger number (smaller aperture) to increase DOF.
A small aperture(f-number) is used to keep both the
foreground and background in focus
How do you separate the subject from the background?
A shallow DOF (Depth of field)
When thinking about f-stop, choose a smaller number to achieve?
a shallower DOF
When thinking about f-stop, choose a larger number to
increase DOF
A larger aperture has a _1__ f-number and a small aperture has a __2__ f-number.
- small f-number
2. larger f-number
What is a shutter speed?
A camera’s shutter opens to allow light in.
Where does the shutter live?
Right in front of the imaging sensor and the shutter speed is the amount of time it stays open, like 1/60 second.
What does shutter speed control?
Shutter speed controls how motion is captured by the camera.
A fast shutter speed will
freeze moving objects in their track.
A slow shutter speed will
is used to take a steady picture without a tripod.
How do you achieve long-exposure photography
Slower shutter speeds lead to long-exposure photography. This is how you can blur things like waterfalls or create star trails in the night sky.
Slow shutter speed will add
motion blur to any moving elements in the frame, such as water and foliage, while stationary objects will remain sharp.
If you are using a very slow shutter speed, make sure your camera is
stabilized on a tripod or other surface to prevent camera shake.
When hand holding your camera, the slowest shutter speed you can shoot with out introducing shake depends on
many factors, including the focal length of your lens and whether or not it has image stabilization.
A shutter speeds between 1/60 and 1/25 second (or faster) are safe for handheld shots.)
What is ISO?
International organization for standardization. aka film speed. It is a rating carried over from the film days, but means the same thing on digital cameras.
What does ISO control?
How the sensor responds to the light it receives from the shutter and aperture.
A high ISO leads to a
brighter image
A low ISO leads to a
darker image
When you increase the ISO you also increase
noise. When you hear someone describe a photo as being “too noisy,” ISO is likely to blame.
Why would you want to keep your ISO as low as possible while still achieving the correct exposure?
Because it increases the noise
Do sensors perform better at low ISO settings?
Yes. It records better color depth and dynamic range as well.
(In the film days, high ISO films were “grainier.” You can think of “grain” and “noise” as being effectively the same thing.)
In daylight or well lit scenes, the ISO can be set low usually around
100 to 400.
In such cases, you can typically rely on just your aperture and shutter speed to dial in a proper exposure.
In dim lighting, there may be no other option than to increase ISO. If you want both a fast shutter speed and deep depth of field (small aperture),
then raising the ISO might be necessary.
Most cameras start at ISO ___ or ___.
100 or 200, and can be set up to 12,800 or higher.
The math is, fortunately, simple: Double the ISO, and you double the brightness, so ISO 800 is twice as bright as 400, which is twice as bright as 200, etc.
T or F. Investing in a lens with a wider maximum aperture will help you shoot people in low light to prevent visible noise.
True
What three things needs to work together to properly expose an image?
Aperture, shutter speed, and ISO.
A change to one will impact the other two.
For example, increasing the shutter speed will need to be matched by an increase in ISO or aperture size to maintain the same exposure value.
Likewise, decreasing the size of the aperture (selecting a larger f-number) will require a faster shutter speed or lower ISO.
When it comes to the aperture setting, think of the opposite: A __1__ f-stop number equals a large aperture setting, while the __2__ f-stop number equals a small aperture setting.
- small
2. large
To blur the background of a portrait, choose a ____ aperture
large (small f-number)
To keep the entire image in-focus, choose a ____ aperture setting
small (large f-stop)
To “freeze” a moving object, use a ____ shutter speed.
fast
For a blurring effect, use a ____ shutter speed.
slower
To reduce noise, try to always keep ____ as low as possible.
ISO. but you may have to raise it in low light settings.
Changing one setting affects the others. If you are using a slow shutter speed, you’ll likely need to use a
smaller aperture to compensate
If you don’t mind handing over some control to the camera, choose _____ _____ mode to only control depth of field.
Aperture Priority
If you don’t mind handing over some control to the camera , choose ____ _____ mode for motion capture.
Shutter priority
SLR
Single Lengs Reflex System
Tell me about SLR Cameras.
SLR cameras have interchangeable lenses, light comes through the lens and it comes to the mirror. There’s one lens.
Reflex means there’s a mirror in this device and so there are other devices like a reflex telescope which uses a mirror system in it.’
So we’re gonna bounce the light upward onto a focusing screen, so an image is projected onto that and we’re gonna be able to see that through the prism system of the camera.
