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Photography Flashcards

1
Q

General photos are taken when?

A

take of the scene prior to processing

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2
Q

do crime scene photographers need to be trained?

A

yes, but they do not need to be a professional photographer

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3
Q

before images are taken what should be considered?

A
  • is the scene safe?
  • do you need PPE?
  • do you have authority?
  • what type of scene is it?
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4
Q

in what order should photographs be taken?

A

general to specific

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5
Q

What are overall photos?

A
  • street, field, house, hallway or a room,
  • give context to the evidence
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6
Q

what are the 4 necessary photographs?

A
  1. overall
  2. midrange
  3. close-up
  4. close-up with scale
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7
Q

what type of camera is needed

A

digital single lens reflex (DSLR)

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8
Q

what does CCD stand for?

A

charged coupled device.

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9
Q

what is a CCD?

A

digital equivalent of film, contains millions of silicon photo sensors, each photo sensor is a pixel, the image passes through lens and is focused onto a CCD

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10
Q

what does JPEG stand for?

A

joint photographic experts group

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11
Q

what does TIFF stand for?

A

tagged image file format

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12
Q

what is RAW?

A

proprietary format this is original data aka the digital “negative”

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13
Q

what is the exposure?

A

amount of light that reaches the CCD

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14
Q

if a photo is over exposed what will the picture look like?

A

very bright/white

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15
Q

if a photo is under exposed what will the picture look like?

A

very dark/ black

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16
Q

what camera settings affect the exposure?

A
  1. aperture
  2. shutter speed
  3. ISO
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17
Q

How is aperture written

A

As an F number.

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18
Q

what lets in more light in aperture: F4 or F32?

A

F4

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19
Q

what is the shutter speed?

A

length of time the camera shutter stays open exposing light onto the camera sensor

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20
Q

what is the longest shutter speed setting?

A

30 seconds

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21
Q

what is the longest shutter speed without camera shake?

A

1/60

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22
Q

what is ASA/ISO

A

numerical rating that describes the sensitivity to light of CCD/Film
this brightens the photo after the sensor has been exposed to light

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23
Q

what happens when you raise the ISO?

A

gets brighter and also grainier

24
Q

what is the depth of field?

A

distance between the closest and farthest objects in a photo that appear acceptably sharp

25
what affects the depth of field?
1. distance from the subject to the camera 2. focal length of the lens
26
a lens with a ___ (Long/short) focal length produces a shallow depth of field.
long
27
a lens with a ___ (Long/short) focal length produces a deep depth of field.
short
28
lens focal length tells us what?
1. angle of view 2. magnification
29
what does TTL mean?
through the lens
30
what does TTL do?
pre-flash occurs and this measures the amount of light needed for the actual exposure.
31
what are the flash techniques?
1. direct 2. feathered 3. fill in 4. bounce 5. oblique 6. multiple flash (on camera) 7. multiple flash (off camera)
32
what is direct flash?
pointed directly at the subject/item you want to photograph, mounted on top of the camera on the hot shoe
33
what is feathered flash?
flash is off camera held above the lens, pointed into the scene (usually pointed 2/3 downwards)
34
what is fill-in flash and when do you use it?
fills in shadows to make it not dark under items, used on bright sunny days
35
what is bounce flash?
less contrast, softer lighting flash is overhead typically set to 45 deg angle
36
what is oblique flash and when is it used?
held at an angle to show detail by creating shadows used for impression evidence typically
37
what is multiple flash (on), and when is it used?
activated manually flashes several time with long exposure, used for low light/no light scenes
38
what is ring flash, and what is it used for?
spreads even light by attaching to the front of the lens, good for macro photography
39
what is multiple flash (off), and when is it used?
painting with light, long exposure and typically with bulb setting, sometimes with portable flash unit used for large outdoor scenes with little light
40
How do you photograph fingerprints?
overall, mid-range, and close-up oblique lighting fill the frame macro lens
41
How do you photograph tire tracks?
capture as much of the rotation as possible width is as important as the pattern
42
How do you photograph assault victims?
be considerate of the person and maintain privacy and dignity
43
How do you photograph bite marks?
capture as much detail as possible small depth of field slow ISO (~100)
44
How do you photograph vehicles?
start with exterior - include each side, corner, licence plate, VIN, decals, any damage or custom accessories photo the interior - start with the front drivers, each door, steering column, glove box, instrument panel, rear seat, and trunk
45
should video be narrated?
no
46
why would an investigator use video?
to tie different elements together and get a quick overview of a complex scene
47
how many photos do you need?
as many as needed
48
what do you need to think about before photographing?
1. purpose 2. relationship to overall scene? 3. relationship to other items 4. proper exposure 5. will there be reflections 6. will photo be explainable/useful 7. is it the correct equipment
49
what is the overall (outside) photo?
establishes location, usually the outside, includes: street signs, apartment complex name, address plaque, identifying landmark.
50
if a scene is very large what is one way an overall scene photo is taken
with a drone aerial.
51
what is an overall (inside) photo?
view of the entrance, 4 corners of each room
52
what is the midrange photo
meant to draw attention to only that one particular piece of evidence
53
what is the close-up photograph?
show how individual evidence looked at the scene, finer detail is needed used for comparison purposes, may contain a label that includes exhibit #, date, name, and badge #
54
what are follow up photos?
additional details and further photos taken at the forensic unit, may be a thorough seach of exhibits ie the contents of pockets or backpacks
55
for death scenes what is also photographed?
after the body is removed surfaces beneath body should be photographed
56
what are the three major points of qualification of a photograph in court?
relavent photo contents photo must not be prejudicial free from distortion and not misrepresented

csi (11 decks)

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