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csi > Photography > Flashcards

Photography Flashcards

1
Q

General photos are taken when?

A

take of the scene prior to processing

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2
Q

do crime scene photographers need to be trained?

A

yes, but they do not need to be a professional photographer

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3
Q

before images are taken what should be considered?

A
  • is the scene safe?
  • do you need PPE?
  • do you have authority?
  • what type of scene is it?
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4
Q

in what order should photographs be taken?

A

general to specific

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5
Q

What are overall photos?

A
  • street, field, house, hallway or a room,
  • give context to the evidence
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6
Q

what are the 4 necessary photographs?

A
  1. overall
  2. midrange
  3. close-up
  4. close-up with scale
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7
Q

what type of camera is needed

A

digital single lens reflex (DSLR)

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8
Q

what does CCD stand for?

A

charged coupled device.

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9
Q

what is a CCD?

A

digital equivalent of film, contains millions of silicon photo sensors, each photo sensor is a pixel, the image passes through lens and is focused onto a CCD

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10
Q

what does JPEG stand for?

A

joint photographic experts group

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11
Q

what does TIFF stand for?

A

tagged image file format

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12
Q

what is RAW?

A

proprietary format this is original data aka the digital “negative”

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13
Q

what is the exposure?

A

amount of light that reaches the CCD

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14
Q

if a photo is over exposed what will the picture look like?

A

very bright/white

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15
Q

if a photo is under exposed what will the picture look like?

A

very dark/ black

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16
Q

what camera settings affect the exposure?

A
  1. aperture
  2. shutter speed
  3. ISO
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17
Q

How is aperture written

A

As an F number.

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18
Q

what lets in more light in aperture: F4 or F32?

A

F4

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19
Q

what is the shutter speed?

A

length of time the camera shutter stays open exposing light onto the camera sensor

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20
Q

what is the longest shutter speed setting?

A

30 seconds

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21
Q

what is the longest shutter speed without camera shake?

A

1/60

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22
Q

what is ASA/ISO

A

numerical rating that describes the sensitivity to light of CCD/Film
this brightens the photo after the sensor has been exposed to light

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23
Q

what happens when you raise the ISO?

A

gets brighter and also grainier

24
Q

what is the depth of field?

A

distance between the closest and farthest objects in a photo that appear acceptably sharp

25
Q

what affects the depth of field?

A
  1. distance from the subject to the camera
  2. focal length of the lens
26
Q

a lens with a ___ (Long/short) focal length produces a shallow depth of field.

A

long

27
Q

a lens with a ___ (Long/short) focal length produces a deep depth of field.

A

short

28
Q

lens focal length tells us what?

A
  1. angle of view
  2. magnification
29
Q

what does TTL mean?

A

through the lens

30
Q

what does TTL do?

A

pre-flash occurs and this measures the amount of light needed for the actual exposure.

31
Q

what are the flash techniques?

A
  1. direct
  2. feathered
  3. fill in
  4. bounce
  5. oblique
  6. multiple flash (on camera)
  7. multiple flash (off camera)
32
Q

what is direct flash?

A

pointed directly at the subject/item you want to photograph, mounted on top of the camera on the hot shoe

33
Q

what is feathered flash?

A

flash is off camera held above the lens, pointed into the scene (usually pointed 2/3 downwards)

34
Q

what is fill-in flash and when do you use it?

A

fills in shadows to make it not dark under items,
used on bright sunny days

35
Q

what is bounce flash?

A

less contrast, softer lighting flash is overhead typically set to 45 deg angle

36
Q

what is oblique flash and when is it used?

A

held at an angle to show detail by creating shadows
used for impression evidence typically

37
Q

what is multiple flash (on), and when is it used?

A

activated manually flashes several time with long exposure,
used for low light/no light scenes

38
Q

what is ring flash, and what is it used for?

A

spreads even light by attaching to the front of the lens, good for macro photography

39
Q

what is multiple flash (off), and when is it used?

A

painting with light, long exposure and typically with bulb setting,
sometimes with portable flash unit
used for large outdoor scenes with little light

40
Q

How do you photograph fingerprints?

A

overall, mid-range, and close-up
oblique lighting
fill the frame
macro lens

41
Q

How do you photograph tire tracks?

A

capture as much of the rotation as possible
width is as important as the pattern

42
Q

How do you photograph assault victims?

A

be considerate of the person and maintain privacy and dignity

43
Q

How do you photograph bite marks?

A

capture as much detail as possible
small depth of field
slow ISO (~100)

44
Q

How do you photograph vehicles?

A

start with exterior
- include each side, corner, licence plate, VIN, decals, any damage or custom accessories
photo the interior
- start with the front drivers, each door, steering column, glove box, instrument panel, rear seat, and trunk

45
Q

should video be narrated?

A

no

46
Q

why would an investigator use video?

A

to tie different elements together and get a quick overview of a complex scene

47
Q

how many photos do you need?

A

as many as needed

48
Q

what do you need to think about before photographing?

A
  1. purpose
  2. relationship to overall scene?
  3. relationship to other items
  4. proper exposure
  5. will there be reflections
  6. will photo be explainable/useful
  7. is it the correct equipment
49
Q

what is the overall (outside) photo?

A

establishes location, usually the outside, includes: street signs, apartment complex name, address plaque, identifying landmark.

50
Q

if a scene is very large what is one way an overall scene photo is taken

A

with a drone aerial.

51
Q

what is an overall (inside) photo?

A

view of the entrance, 4 corners of each room

52
Q

what is the midrange photo

A

meant to draw attention to only that one particular piece of evidence

53
Q

what is the close-up photograph?

A

show how individual evidence looked at the scene, finer detail is needed
used for comparison purposes, may contain a label that includes exhibit #, date, name, and badge #

54
Q

what are follow up photos?

A

additional details and further photos taken at the forensic unit,
may be a thorough seach of exhibits ie the contents of pockets or backpacks

55
Q

for death scenes what is also photographed?

A

after the body is removed surfaces beneath body should be photographed

56
Q

what are the three major points of qualification of a photograph in court?

A

relavent photo contents
photo must not be prejudicial
free from distortion and not misrepresented

csi (10 decks)

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