Phosphorous Flashcards
1
Q
Phosphorus?
A
- Primary anion found in intracellular fluid
- Normal serum levels 1.8-2.6mEq/L (or
3-4.5mg/dL) - 85% phosphorus found in bone & teeth
- Combined in 1:2 ratio w/ Ca++
- 14% found in soft tissue
- 1% found in ECF
- Plays a role in cell membrane activity, muscle & neurological function
- Facilitates delivery of O2 from RBCs to tissues
- Buffers acids & bases
- Promotes energy transfer to cells through ATP
2
Q
Phosphorus
-Regulation
A
- Dietary intake
- Intestinal absorption
- Parathyroid hormone
- Calcium levels
- Kidneys
3
Q
Hypophosphatemia
-Etiology
A
- Transient intracellular fluid shifts
- Increased urinary losses
- Decreased intestinal absorption
- Increased cellular use
4
Q
Hypophosphatemia
-Clinical manifestations
A
- Sx may be acute or develop gradually
- Majority of sx d/t decreased ATP
5
Q
Hypophosphatemia
-Diagnostic tests
A
- Serum phosphorus less than 1.7mEq/L (or less than 3mg/dL)
- PTH will be elevated w/ hyperparathyroidism
- Serum Ca++ will likely be increased
6
Q
Hypophosphatemia
-Interventions
A
- Assess & document LOC, orientation, neurologic status w/ each V/S
- Assess muscle strength
- Administer Phosphate, as ordered
- PO
- IV
- Encourage intake of foods rich in phosphorus
- Medicate for pain
- Monitor for signs of cardiac or pulmonary complications
7
Q
Hyperphosphatemia?
A
- Excessive intake of phosphates
- Extracellular fluid shifts
- Cellular destruction
- Decreased urinary losses
8
Q
Hyperphosphatemia
-Clinical manifestations
A
- Sx of hypocalcemia
- Possible sx of renal failure
- If chronic, can lead to precipitate of calcium & phosphate deposits in soft tissues
9
Q
Hyperphosphatemia
-Diagnostic tests
A
- Serum phosphorus greater than 2.6mEq/L (or 4.5mg/dL)
- Be careful not to lyse cells
- Serum Ca++ decreased
- Xrays may see skeletal changes
- PTH level decreased
- BUN & creatinine may help detect renal failure
10
Q
Hyperphosphatemia
-Interventions
A
- Administer phosphate binders, as ordered
- Administer stool softener
- Limit foods high in phosphorus
- Monitor serum PO4- & Ca++ levels
- Avoid Vit D products
- Monitor for signs of hypocalcemia
- Monitor renal fx (BUN & creatnine,
U.O.)
