Fluids + Electrolytes Pt 1 Flashcards
Homeostasis
Volume + composition of each space remains constant
What can impact homeostasis?
- vomiting
- diarrhea
- ace inhibitors
- diuretics
Amount of plasma in the body
- Plasma: 3L
- Interstitial fluid (IF): 10L
- Intracellular fluid (ICF): 28L
Composition of body fluids
-Water
- Primary component of body
- Accounts for approx 60% of body wt
- Adequate balance is necessary for
-maintenance of temp
-elimination of waste products
-all transportation within body
Factors that affect body water
Age is a huge factor:
* neonates are made of 80% water
* older adults are made of 45% water
Other factors that influence body water:
* The more adipose tissue the less body water you have.
* The more muscle mass you have the more body water you have.
Composition of body fluids
-Solutes
- Electrolytes: Chemical compounds that develop an ionic charge when dissolved in water
- All body fluids contain electrolytes
Regulation of electrolyte levels is critical for:
- maintenance of body fluid osmolality
- acid balance
- neuromuscular function
- cell metabolism
Composition of body fluids
-Nonelectrolytes
- do not dissociate in solution
- measured by wt
- Glucose - Urea - Creatinine - Bilirubin - Proteins
Body fluid compartment
-Transcellular fluids (not subject to significant gains or losses)
- CSF
- GI tract
- Pleural
- Synovial
- Peritoneal
First spacing?
Normal distribution of fluid
Second spacing?
Abnormal accumulation of interstitial fluid
Third spacing?
- Abnormal accumulation in areas that have no or little amt of fluid
- Fluid unavailable for use
Movement of body fluids
-What is it?
- Fluid constantly moves among intracellular, interstitial and vascular spaces to maintain body fluid balance
- Moves through permeable membranes
-permits movement of water + some solutes - Normally ICF + ECF are isotonic w/ each other
Osmosis?
- Osmosis stops when equilibrium is reached
- Major force in body fluid movement
- Important to consider w/ IV therapy
Movement of body fluids
-Osmotic pressure
- Refers to pulling power of a solution for water
- The higher the osmolality of a solution greater pulling power for water
Movement of body fluids
-Oncotic pressure
Refers to pulling force exerted by colloids
Movement of body fluids
-Diffusion
Solute moves from area of higher concentration to area of lower concentration until equilibrium.
“coasting downhill”
Movement of body fluids
-Facilitated diffusion
Facilitated diffusion is the diffusion of solutes through transport proteins in the plasma membrane.
Facilitated diffusion is a type of passive transport.
Even though facilitated diffusion involves transport proteins, it is still passive transport b/c the solute is moving down the concentration gradient.
Movement of body fluids
-Filtration
- Movement of fluids + solutes from an area of high hydrostatic pressure to an area of low hydrostatic pressure into or out of the capillary
- Dependent on forces favoring filtration + opposing it
- Think of as a tug of war - pushing and pulling
Net filtration
-Forces favoring filtration
- Capillary hydrostatic pressure (blood pressure)
- Interstitial oncotic pressure (water-pulling)
Net filtration
-Forces favoring reabsorption
- Plasma oncotic pressure (water-pulling)
- Interstitial hydrostatic pressure
Fluid shifts
-What is it?
Interstitial fluid to plasma
* Fluid drawn into plasma space whenever there is space increase in plasma osmotic or oncotic pressure
* Wearing of compression stockings or hose is a therapeutic action on this effect
Movement of body fluids
-Active transport
- Movement of solute from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration
- Depends on ATP
- Example: Sodium-Potassium pump
“pumping uphill”
Renin-Angiotensin
-How does it work?
1-Blood flow to glomerulus drops + juxtaglomeruluar cells secrete renin into bloodstream
2-Renin travels to liver
3-Renin converts angiotensinogen in liver to angiotensin I
4-Angeiotensin I travles to lungs
5-Angiotensin I converted in lungs into angiotensin II
6-Angiotensin II travels to adrenal glands
7-Angiotensin II stimulates adrenal glands to produce aldosterone