Phonology - Consonants Flashcards
What are the places of articulation?
Labial
Bilabial
Dental
Alveolar
Palato-alveolar
Palatial
Velar
Post-alveolar
What are the three variables?
Consonants can be voiced or unvoiced.
The place of articulation.
The manner of articulation.
What are the manners of articulation?
Plosive
Affricate
Fricative (the entire middle row)
Nasal
Fortis fricative
Lateral
Frictionless continuant
Semi-vowel
When do glottal stops usually appear?
To give emphasis to syllables beginning with vowels.
Between adjacent vowels, to prevent ‘glide’.
To avoid intrusive /r/
To replace an unvoiced plosive at the end of a word
What is important to remember about the nasal consonants?
They form a continuum from m-n-ng.
The only thing that separates them is where the air stream is blocked and forced through the nose.
What is special about /h/?
It adopts the position of the following vowel sound, and is thus described as ‘onset’
How many bilabial plosives are there?
2
/b/
/p/
How many bilabial nasals are there?
1
/m/
How many labio-dental fricatives are there?
2
/f/
/v/
How many dental fricatives are there?
2
Soft and hard /th/
How many alveolar plosives are there?
2
/t/
/d/
How many alveolar fricatives are there?
2
/s/
/z/
How many alveolar nasals are there?
1
/n/
How many alveolar laterals are there?
1
/l/
How many palatal approximants are there?
1
/j/
