Phonology Flashcards
Phonology
The study of speech sounds
Phonetics
The sound of speech is articulated
Phoneme
The smallest unit of sound
A non-phonetic language
Words whose pronunciation and the spelling doesn’t match
Grapheme
The smallest meaningful contrastive unit in a writing system
Syllable
A single unit of speech of a word
Monosyllabic
One syllable
Polysyllabic
Multiple syllables
Vowel
Open speech sound
Articulars
Vocal organs about the larynx that form constant sounds
Constants
Speech sound with breath at least obstructed
IPA
International Phonetic Alphabet
Received Pronunciation
A traditionally associated with a high social status
Phonetic spelling
A system of spelling in which each letter represents one spoken sound
Voiced sounds
Speech sounds produced with the vocal chords vibrating
(Vowels)
Unvoiced sounds
Consonant sounds that are made without vibrating the vocal chords
Diphthongs
A sound formed by the combination of two vowels into a single syllable
Dental
Tongue placed between the teeth
Labiodental
Lips and teeth come together
Place of Articulation
an approximate location along the vocal tract where its production occurs
Great vowel shift
a massive sound change affecting the long vowels of English during the fifteenth to eighteenth centuries
Bilabial
Produced at the lips
Alveolar
Tip of the tongue on the alveoli ridge
Post- alveolar
Tip of the tongue and roof of the mouth
Palatal
The tongue and hard palate
Velar
Back of the tongue and velar
Glottal
At the glottis (h)
Complete closure
Complete closure is made in the oral cavity
Close approximation
So close together is made audible friction (fricative)
Open approximation
No friction as there’s more open space
Manner of articulation
Way the airstream is affected as it flows from the lungs and out the nose and mouth
Plosive
Completely obstructed like an explosion, abrupt and quick
Fricative
Lesser obstruction causing friction, continuous (s, f)
Affricates
Double symbols to show a plosive followed by a fricative
Nasals
Produced by air coming out through the nose (m, n, ng)
Laterals
Produced at the tip of the tongue
Approximants
Property is being midway between consonants and vowels
Glottal
Closure of the vocal chords (h)
Prosody
The patterns of stress and annotations in a language
Pitch
A relative high or low in a voice
Intonation
The rise and fall of the voice in speech
Rhythm
Timing pattern of individual syllables
Stress
The prominence of individual syllable
Non-verbal behaviour
Such as eye contact and facial expressions
Paralanguage
Aspects of an individual’s vocal expression (whispering, laughter and breathiness)
Linguistic iconicity
The similarity or analogy between a linguistic sign and its meaning
Sound symbolism
Similarity between speech sounds and concept meanings
Consonance
A pattern of repeated constant sounds
Assonance
A pattern of repeated vowel sounds
Sibilance
A pattern of repeated fricative sounds
Lexical onomatopoeia
Words that have some associated meaning between their sound and what they represent
Non-lexical onomatopoeia
Nonetheless are intended to signify some meanings through their sound
The Takate-malama effect
A cognitive neuroscience phenomenon that links certain language sounds with angular or round shapes
Hetrophones
Same spelling but very different pronunciation and meanings
Homophones
Pronounced the same but meanings are different
