Lamguage And Region Flashcards
Kachru’s Circle Model
catagorises English language usage globally into: the Inner Circle, the Outer Circle and the Expanding Circle
Inner Circle
English as it origanally took shape and was spread across the world,
represents the traditional, historical and sociolingistic bases of English
Outer Circle
The second diaspora of English - spread through colonisation through Imperial Great Britain
Expanding Circle
Encompasses countries where english pays no historical or govermental role but used as international communication
Lingua Franca
a term for ‘commom’ language used to facciliate global relations such as trade, commerce, industry, science and arts etc
Critiques of Kachru’s Circle of Englished (1992)
- relies on the geography not the language use
- overemphasis on the Inner Circle
- neglect on multilinguism
- no distinction between ESl and EFL conetexts
ESL
Englsih as a second language
EFL
English as a first language
The Inner Circle is ‘norm-providing’
English considerd as a traditional source of language
The Outer Circle is ‘norm-developing’
countries that adapt and develop norms to specific linguistic and cultural contexts
The Expanding Circle is ‘norm-dependant’
Relies on the standards of native speakers in the inner circle
official languages can be either
De jure or De facto
De jure
there is a law that makes a language official
e.g. germany in ermany
De facto
describes practices that exist in reality, whether or not they are officially recognized by laws or other norms
e.g. english in the USA
