Phonological Encoding

Question 1

What is phonological encoding?

Answer 1

The process of retrieving the sounds and preparing them for articulation.

Question 2

What does errors support?

Answer 2

Division between semantics, syntactic and phonological information.

Question 3

Which experiments supports serial discrete model?

Answer 3

SOA experiments. Semantics early and phonological effects late

Question 4

Which experiments supports cascading models?

Answer 4

Picture picture interference. Demonstrates that the FORM of words you don’t tend to say are active.

Question 5

What happens after lexical selection?

Answer 5

Whether the model is cascading or discrete, the hard work of preparing to articulate only starts after a lemma has been selected. While non target lexemes may become activated, they do not get fully processed.

Question 6

What is a way to assemble lexemes?

Answer 6

Segment to frame association

Question 7

What is segment to frame association?

Answer 7

Phonological level (syllables, rhyme) segments and phoneme segments.

Question 8

Why does pre-syllabified lexemes explain why sound errors respect syllable positions.

Answer 8

Errors arise during segment to frame association and positions are respected because they are stored segments.

Question 9

What have been used to facilitate lexeme retrieval?

Answer 9

Priming phonological syllables or syllable parts.

Question 10

Why has facilitation of lexeme retrieval been using syllables to test with?

Answer 10

If syllable framed is stored, you would be able to speed retrieval using priming.

Question 11

What is a study which has looked at facilitation lexeme retrieval?

Answer 11

A study which looked at priming phonological syllables. It looked at 2 and 3 segments like a picture of a ball where a word popped up on it (balsom and bald). It showed that phonological related distractor words facilitated picture naming.

Question 12

Why does Levelt argues against pre-syllabaries lexemes?

Answer 12

Due to re-syllabification. Because syllable boundaries are sensitive to context (horse vs horses). So why would we pre-syllabary when we will constantly have to re-syllabify.

Question 13

What are the arguments for no pre-syllabified lexemes?

Answer 13

Re-syllabification and no evidence for syllable priming.

Question 14

What is prosodification?

Answer 14

The imposition of prosodic structure (syllables, feet, stress) unto string of segments (sounds such as consonants or vowels).

Or

It’s the process by which segments are assigned to syllables and syllable positions.

Question 15

What is incremental encoding?

Answer 15

We stored ordered set of segments and build syllables.

Question 16

What is the process of incremental encoding?

Answer 16

The word form is encoded, or prosodifed, incrementally from start to finish. So the beginning of the word is ready before the end of the word.

Question 17

What does incremental mean?

Answer 17

Relating to or denoting an increase or addition

Question 18

What is preparation effect?

Answer 18

If words are homogeneous they have same word onset (loner, local, lotus) than heterogeneous words. Preparation effect can also be for word offset (salto, veto, photo)

Question 19

What does onset preparation effect show?

Answer 19

When a speaker knows that no matter which word is next, it starts with the sound “lo” they can start preparing s response, which speeds naming times.

Question 20

What does offset preparation effect show?

Answer 20

When the speaker knows the next word will end with “to” they can’t prepare the end without knowing the beginning. Naming times are not affected for homogeneous and heterogeneous words.

Question 21

What is the study about phoneme monitoring?

Answer 21

They asked speakers to press a button if a word had a particular segment in it (e.g. l). Then there were 4 pictures (legs, ball, balloon, and camel).

Question 22

What did the phoneme monitoring find?

Answer 22

Early segments identified faster than late. Non-mono tonic increase, which jumps across syllable boundaries, monitoring taps into prosodification process.

Question 23

Is lexemes ordered by segments or syllables?

Answer 23

Lexeme is ordered set of segments, not syllabified.

Question 24

How are the lexeme segments assembled?

Answer 24

Incrementally into phonological syllables (start at the beginning).

Question 25

Are syllables stored or assembled in lexeme retrieval?

Answer 25

There are no reaction time evidence for stored syllables. Only assembled syllables.