Phonological Encoding Flashcards
What is phonological encoding?
The process of retrieving the sounds and preparing them for articulation.
What does errors support?
Division between semantics, syntactic and phonological information.
Which experiments supports serial discrete model?
SOA experiments. Semantics early and phonological effects late
Which experiments supports cascading models?
Picture picture interference. Demonstrates that the FORM of words you don’t tend to say are active.
What happens after lexical selection?
Whether the model is cascading or discrete, the hard work of preparing to articulate only starts after a lemma has been selected. While non target lexemes may become activated, they do not get fully processed.
What is a way to assemble lexemes?
Segment to frame association
What is segment to frame association?
Phonological level (syllables, rhyme) segments and phoneme segments.
Why does pre-syllabified lexemes explain why sound errors respect syllable positions.
Errors arise during segment to frame association and positions are respected because they are stored segments.
What have been used to facilitate lexeme retrieval?
Priming phonological syllables or syllable parts.
Why has facilitation of lexeme retrieval been using syllables to test with?
If syllable framed is stored, you would be able to speed retrieval using priming.
What is a study which has looked at facilitation lexeme retrieval?
A study which looked at priming phonological syllables. It looked at 2 and 3 segments like a picture of a ball where a word popped up on it (balsom and bald). It showed that phonological related distractor words facilitated picture naming.
Why does Levelt argues against pre-syllabaries lexemes?
Due to re-syllabification. Because syllable boundaries are sensitive to context (horse vs horses). So why would we pre-syllabary when we will constantly have to re-syllabify.
What are the arguments for no pre-syllabified lexemes?
Re-syllabification and no evidence for syllable priming.
What is prosodification?
The imposition of prosodic structure (syllables, feet, stress) unto string of segments (sounds such as consonants or vowels).
Or
It’s the process by which segments are assigned to syllables and syllable positions.
What is incremental encoding?
We stored ordered set of segments and build syllables.
What is the process of incremental encoding?
The word form is encoded, or prosodifed, incrementally from start to finish. So the beginning of the word is ready before the end of the word.
What does incremental mean?
Relating to or denoting an increase or addition
What is preparation effect?
If words are homogeneous they have same word onset (loner, local, lotus) than heterogeneous words. Preparation effect can also be for word offset (salto, veto, photo)
What does onset preparation effect show?
When a speaker knows that no matter which word is next, it starts with the sound “lo” they can start preparing s response, which speeds naming times.
What does offset preparation effect show?
When the speaker knows the next word will end with “to” they can’t prepare the end without knowing the beginning. Naming times are not affected for homogeneous and heterogeneous words.
What is the study about phoneme monitoring?
They asked speakers to press a button if a word had a particular segment in it (e.g. l). Then there were 4 pictures (legs, ball, balloon, and camel).
What did the phoneme monitoring find?
Early segments identified faster than late. Non-mono tonic increase, which jumps across syllable boundaries, monitoring taps into prosodification process.
Is lexemes ordered by segments or syllables?
Lexeme is ordered set of segments, not syllabified.
How are the lexeme segments assembled?
Incrementally into phonological syllables (start at the beginning).
Are syllables stored or assembled in lexeme retrieval?
There are no reaction time evidence for stored syllables. Only assembled syllables.
