Phonological Development

Question 1

the development of the phon. is ? and begins as soon as ? however infants actually demonstrate the processing of auditory stimuli ?

categorical perception: discrimination of phonemic categories of one’s native language in perimeters such as ?

infants demonstrate the ability to discriminate between non-native sounds until around ?

Answer 1

on going / in utero

placement, manner, voicing

8 months- at which time this ability decreases

Question 2

speech sound development:

refers to child’s gradual control over ? to produce ?

Answer 2

movement of artic. / increasingly more complex sounds of speech

Question 3

Structural development:
note that anatomical/physiological structures of speech mechanism are set up to accommodate infant’s primary functions fo breathing sucking and swallowing

1. shorter
2. relatively shorter
3. tongue position is more
4. gradual
5. high
6. close ?

Answer 3

vocal tract

pharyngeal cavity

forward

larynx

approx. of the velopharynx and epiglottis

Question 4

linguistic perception is the ability to

1. identify differences between
2. store ?
3. recognize sound patterns as ?

some feel this takes place before the child has ? due to ?

in this case any speech error are due to ?

Answer 4

speech sounds
sound patterns that make up words and phrases
specific words or phrases

50 words/proven discrimination abilities of infants and toddlers/ immaturity in motoric ability

Question 5

support for whole word pattern learning vs. segmentation:

lexical idiosyncrasy: child is able to accurately produce a speech sound in ? yet?
-so this sound is not being produced with ?

prosodic phenomena: the produced form matches the adult’s as a ? but does not correspond from ? the production is more of a?

phonological idioms: first forms are sometimes produced as a ? and later a ? this reflects an internal reorg. from ?
-this production seems immature yet is actually a reflection of a more?

Answer 5

one word unit/substitutes or omits the same sound in another word unit
-internal rep. of the sound unit yet with internal rep.of the word unit as a whole

• whole/unit to unit/ prosodic pattern
• whole unit/regression takes place and the same word is misarticulated / efficient segment-based system

Question 6

normative data: tells us what speech sounds can be ?

difficulties in normative data:
longitudinal studies are ?
cross-sectional studies assess ?

the definition of correct production is ?

the age of acquisition of some phonemes (especially?) ?

Answer 6

expected at what age

limited

-many children of different ages at single point in time

extremely arbitrary and optional

fricative/ varies greatly from child to child

Question 7

to address some of these difficulties, speech sound acquisition can be viewed as hierarchy:

1. age of
2. age of
3. age of
4. age of

Answer 7

first appearence
earliest correct production
customary production
mastery