Intervention

Question 1

Foundations common to any intervention approach:
1. establishment:
a
b

2. transfer

3.

Answer 1

perception - external and internal auditory discrimination

production:
- imitation
- contextual utilization
- phonetic placement
- successive approx.

• position in context transfer
• linguistic unit transfer
• sound and feature transfer
• situational transfer

maintenance

Question 2

Establishment: what and what
goal:

Answer 2

perception and production

elicit phoneme and stabilize this production

Question 3

Perceptual training: also called ?

three principles: 
1. only the ?
2. may be used at ?
a.
b.

3. we must ?
   - may need to assist with ?

Answer 3

discrimination training/auditory discrimination/auditory conceptualization

only the error sounds need to be included

any level of the hierarchy

a. phoneme level between error phoneme and correct phoneme
b. word level/syllable level with contrasting pairs

TEACH identification of correct v. incorrect
-visual cueing pictures, hand gestures, and slowly withdraw assistance

Question 4

Perceptual training/discrimination

two levels:

more principles of discrimination training:
not all agree that?
perception training alone may modify ?

Answer 4

External: discrimination of error sound with target sound when the clinician produces
internal: discrimination of their own correct and incorrect productions

• this stage is necessary
• errors

Question 5

production training: training of ?
imitation: using ? this was utilized during ? if the client is able to imitate, our task is to ?

contextual utilization: a context is which ?
look at positions in ?

Answer 5

actual client production of sounds

-visual, auditory, tactile cues/ stimulability testing/ increase the correct response and stabilize it

the target sound is already produced correctly and utilized/ words, clusters, and nonsense productions

Question 6

production training continued:
phonetic placement: instructs client where to ?

successive approximation: a breakdown into a series of ? also called ?
this requires ?
example ?

Answer 6

place articulators to produce target phoneme

successive steps that lead to emission of the target behavior
-shaping or sound modification

coughing for K

Question 7

A key environment is a phonetic environment in which the client is able to ?
key environments often are ? but may also be ?

Answer 7

successfully produce a sound or class of sounds / syllable and word positions/depressants of other sounds

Question 8

transfer/generalization/carryover

learning of one behavior to similar behavior or situation ?

1.
2.
3.
4.

Answer 8

without direct training of that new behavior

position and context transfer
linguistic unit transfer
sound and feature transfer
situational transfer

Question 9

position and context transfer: transfer of a target sound from one ? example ? USE

Answer 9

phonetic context to another/ initial to final even though initial was worked on
- contextual/facilitating context

Question 10

Linguistic unit transfer

Answer 10

transfer of production to more complex linguistic units - isolation to syllable to word to phrase

Question 11

sounds and feature transfer: production of target phoneme transfers to another ?
commonly happens with?

Answer 11

sound or feature of one sound

cognates (why voicing errors should be least priority)

Question 12

situational transfer: transfer of production from ?
at this level we are ?
this transfer cannot occur without?

note: ability to transfer ?

Answer 12

one speaking environment to another
assisting client in making accurate judgments of running speech
speech that is made automatically/naturally and without internal discrim. abilities

varies widely from person to person

Question 13

Maitenance/ habitual retention:
this phrase concentrates on tasks designed to ?

we continue to look for ?

Answer 13

stabilize and retain behaviors acquired in previous phases

automatic usage of correct artic. in spontaneous speech