phonetics & phonology

Question 1

prosodic features

Answer 1

stress, volume, intonation, pitch, tempo

Question 2

vocal effects

Answer 2

coughs, laughter, breath sounds in connected speech

Question 3

connected speech processes

Answer 3

assimilation, vowel reduction, elision, insertion

Question 4

assimilation

Answer 4

phonemes become more like surrounding sounds, eg. ‘what you’ becomes ‘watcha’

Question 5

vowel reduction

Answer 5

loss of a vowel in connected speech eg. ‘Saturday’ becomes ‘Sat-day’

Question 6

elision

Answer 6

omission of one or more sounds or syllables in a word/phrase eg. February > febury

Question 7

insertion / epenthesis

Answer 7

adding a phoneme/sound into a word where the previously were none. eg. athlete > ath-e-lete

Question 8

phonological patterning

Answer 8

alliteration, assonance, consonance, onomatopoeia, rhythm, rhyme

Question 9

alliteration

Answer 9

repetition of a phoneme/sound at the start of a word, eg wild west

Question 10

assonance

Answer 10

repetition of a vowel sound in the middle of a word, eg bad, mad, sad.

Question 11

consonance

Answer 11

repetition of a consonant sound in the middle of a word

Question 12

onomatopoeia

Answer 12

process of creating a word that phonetically imitates, resembles, or suggests the sound that it describes

Question 13

rhythm

Answer 13

creation of long and short patterns of spoken discourse through stressed and unstressed syllables

Question 14

rhyme

Answer 14

two or more words have or end with corresponding sound/matching phonology. eg, ‘Sam I Am’

Question 15

reduction

Answer 15

unstressed sounds change eg. ‘and’ > ‘end’

Question 16

flapping

Answer 16

voicing mid-voiceless sounds eg. ‘water’ > ‘wader’