other metalanguage

Question 1

positive face needs

Answer 1

language that supports one’s need to be liked, included, appreciated, respected, affirmed, valued and approved of eg ‘thats a great idea’ or ‘you ol’ bastard’

Question 2

negative face needs

Answer 2

language that supports ones need to be autonomous/independent, not to be imposed on or intruded upon eg. ‘excuse me do you mind if…’

Question 3

face

Answer 3

one’s public self image / identity

Question 4

social purposes - link to informal discourse

Answer 4

encouraging intimacy, solidarity and equality
maintaining and challenging positive and negative face needs
promoting linguistic innovation
supporting in-group membership

Question 5

social purposes - link to formal discourse

Answer 5

maintaining and challenging positive and negative face needs
reinforcing social distance and authority
establishing expertise
promoting social harmony, negotiating social taboos and building rapport
clarifying, manipulating or obfuscating

Question 6

ethnolect

Answer 6

a mainly spoken variety that is influenced by a language other than English.

Question 7

sociolect

Answer 7

a variety that is used in particular by a particular social group with the community eg teenspeak

Question 8

idiolect

Answer 8

an individual’s own distinctive way of speaking