morphology and lexicology

Question 1

nouns

Answer 1

word class with naming function, often a person place or thing. can be:
concrete/common: can touch and feel it eg. ‘tree’
abstract: cannot physically touch it eg ‘happiness’
collective: denotes group of people or things eg. ‘flock’
proper: eg ‘Canberra’

Question 2

verbs

Answer 2

express states, actions or processes eg. ‘am’ ‘to paint’ ‘singing’

Question 3

auxiliary verbs

Answer 3

verb which precedes the participle (lexical) verb in a verb phrase. eg. ‘the children HAVE finished their hw’.

Question 4

modal verbs

Answer 4

auxiliary verbs that make reference to obligation, possibility and prediction. certainty/ definitive
Must, should, would, could, may, can, might, will, shall

Question 5

adjectives

Answer 5

describes or modifies a noun eg ‘STUNNING mountain’

Question 6

adverbs

Answer 6

describes the actin of a verb, can act as an intensifier/modifier. eg ‘he ALWAYS suggests that’

Question 7

prepositions

Answer 7

denotes a positional relationship between nouns eg ‘in’ ‘beside’

Question 8

pronouns

Answer 8

stands in for a noun eg. ‘she’ ‘he’

Question 9

conjunctions

Answer 9

joins or connects two words, phrases or clauses eg ‘because’ ‘although’ ‘but’

Question 10

determiners

Answer 10

specifies number or definiteness of a noun. typically introduces a noun eg ‘THAT horse’ ‘HER bike’

Question 11

interjections

Answer 11

sudden, brief utterance that is not often part of a syntactic structure eg ‘wow’ ‘ugh’

Question 12

function/closed class words

Answer 12

prepositions, pronouns, determiners, conjunctions, aux and mod verbs

Question 13

content/open class words

Answer 13

adjectives, adverbs, nouns, lexical verbs, interjections

Question 14

prefix

Answer 14

bound morpheme that occurs before a stem eg REwire

Question 15

suffix

Answer 15

bound morpheme that occurs at end of a stem eg happiNESS

Question 16

infix

Answer 16

morpheme that exists within a stem eg fan-BLOODY-tastic

Question 17

inflectional morpheme

Answer 17

indicate grammatical information ie. tense and number and possession (the child’s dog) eg. childREN

Question 18

derivational morpheme

Answer 18

indicates word class eg. singER (‘sing’=verb; ‘singer’=noun). Can also change meaning of a word eg professional -> unprofessional

Question 19

root, bound, free morphemes

Answer 19

root- stem of the word/morph that carries the most amount of meaning to which other morphemes may be added eg. ‘reSTRUCTURing’
bound- cannot stand alone eg ‘speakER’
free - can stand alone as a lexeme eg. ‘BUILDer’

Question 20

word formation processes

Answer 20

blends, acronym, backformation, initialisms, compounding, shortenings, contractions, collocations, neologisms, borrowing, commonisation, archaism

Question 21

morphological patterning

Answer 21

conversion of word class, creative word formation

Question 22

collocations

Answer 22

two or more words that are connected as they frequently occur together (often as part of set phrase) eg. strong coffee, merry Christmas, cake of soap

Question 23

neologism

Answer 23

newly coined word or phrase eg. trolling

Question 24

archaism

Answer 24

form of word loss whereby a word becomes considered old fashioned or outdated eg wherefore

Question 25

coordinating conjunctions

Answer 25

for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so, FANBOYS

Question 26

commonisation

Answer 26

proper noun becomes a common noun through general use eg esky, bandaid, glad wrap.

Question 27

morphological patterning

Answer 27

conversion of word class; creative word formation

Question 28

conversion of word class

Answer 28

word changes work class but does not change its structure. eg Google (proper noun) > google (verb)