Phonetics and Phonology

Question 1

Stress

Answer 1

The degree of strength used to produce a syllable
Stressed sounds tend to be louder and held for longer (exaggerated). They give prominence to keywords and they are also used to distinguish between a noun and verb of the same lexeme. Eg REsearch or reSEARCH

Question 2

Intonation

Answer 2

The pattern of pitch changes in our speech. Eg. “Enjoy the meal!” or “Enjoy the meal?”

Question 3

Pitch

Answer 3

This is the ‘height’ of a sound- we describe it as high or low. Quickly vibrating vocal chords produce a high pitch, slower vibrations produce a lower pitch.

Question 4

Tempo

Answer 4

The speed at which we speak. Fast,slow, etc.
Would have a fast tempo when conversing with friends but a slow tempo when reading out instructions or a speech.

Question 5

Volume

Answer 5

How loudly or softly an individual is speaking.
Eg. “HELLO!!!!” or “hello.”

Question 6

Alliteration

Answer 6

The repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words.
Eg. She sells seashells

Question 7

Assonance

Answer 7

The repetition of the same or similar vowel sounds. It can be referred to as an ‘inner rhyme’ as it usually is in the middle of words.
Eg. See you later, alligator or Ean, mean, fighting machine

Question 8

Consonance

Answer 8

The repetition of the same or similar consonant sounds.
Eg. Hickory, dickory dock or pitter patter

Question 9

Rhythm

Answer 9

The regular recurrence of stresses (or prominent units) in speech: The sailor went to sea, sea, sea

Question 10

Rhyme

Answer 10

The recurrent use of similar sounds or syllables at the end of the line: Cat in a Hat, Bug or a Rug

Question 11

Assimilation

Answer 11

When a sound changes to become more like a neighbouring sound. Eg. handbag- Ham bag or want to - wanto

Question 12

Vowel Reduction

Answer 12

Similar to elision except that the vowel doesn’t disappear completely. Harder to pick up. Eg. ‘to’ can sound more like ‘tw’

Question 13

Elision

Answer 13

The omission of a sound in connected speech, can be a vowel or consonant or whole syllable. In print this can be seen as an apostrophe eg. ‘cos’ ‘fish n chips’ ‘wanna’

Question 14

Insertion

Answer 14

Insertion involves the addition of sounds where they don’t strictly belong. Eg. ‘souv(a)laki’ or ‘ath(a)lete’

Question 15

Onomatopoeia

Answer 15

The formation and use of words that imitate the sounds associated with the objects or actions they refer to: Bang, Crash, Whoosh, Creek