Phonetic Properties/Distinctive Features Flashcards
[+syllabic]
Major Class Feature
Constitute a SYLLABLE NUCLEUS around which segments may be gathered to form a syllable:
- vowels, as in [bæt], and syllabic consonants as in [bɔtl̩], [ps̩t] bɐt(n)
[-syllabic]
Major Class Feature
Non-syllabic consonants, including
glides and -
nonsyllabic laterals and nasals, eg in [læm]
[+consonantal]
Major Class Feature
Prod w SUSTAINED CONSTRICTION that is at least EQUAL to that req. for a FRICATIVE (in the central line of the oral cavity):
stops, fricatives, nasals, liquids (laterals, rhotics), tap, trill. Some pharyngeal fricatives/ approximants depending on the degree of frication.
[-consonantal]
Major Class Feature
- vowels, glides,
- glottal fricatives and glottal stop
[+sonorant]
Major Class Feature
Articulation is sufficiently OPEN that the air pressure inside and outside the mouth is approximately equal: vowels, approximants (glides, liquids), nasals, glottal fricatives and glottal stop. Most sonorants are typically but not necessarily voiced
[-sonorant]
(OBSTRUENTS)
Major Class Feature
obstruent is a speech sound such as [k], [d͡ʒ], or [f] that is formed by obstructing airflow.
aka obstruents: non-glottal stops and fricatives
Major Class Features
Syllabic
Sonorant
Consonantal
(Oral) Place Features
C(AD) L(R) D(HLB)
(Cad Lr)
- Coronal
- Anterior
- Distributed
- Labial
- Round
- Dorsal
(Dorsal: HLB)
- High
- Low
- Back
[+coronal]
[+coronal]:
Involving TIP or BLADE of tongue: laminal and apical sounds.
z, s, ð, θ, ʒ, ʃ, n, d, t, ɹ, l, r, ɾ
Laminal
formed with the BLADE of the tongue touching the ALVEOLAR RIDGE
Apical
formed with the TIP of the tongue at or near the front TEETH or the ALVEOLAR RIDGE, for example th or trilled r.
[+anterior]
CORONAL sounds produced at the ALVEOLAR RIDGE OR FORWARD
alveolars, dentals (& linguo-labials?)
[-anterior]
CORONAL sounds produced BEHIND the ALVEOLAR RIDGE: - post-alveolars
[+distributed]
CORONAL sounds produced with a GREATER area of CONSTRICTION: laminals.
[-distributed]
CORONAL sounds produced with a LESSER area of CONSTRICTION: apicals.
