phonemes perception - final exam

Question 1

McGurk effect

Answer 1

phenomenon where visual info from lip movements influences how we hear speech sounds

video - shows mouth saying “ga”
audio - “ba”
interpretation - “da”

brain blends audio & visual to come up w/ something in the middle

shows that our integrate both visual & auditory cues to understand speec

Question 2

categorical perception

Answer 2

phenomenon where sounds are perceived as belonging to distinct categories

within a category - difficulty hearing differences

boundary between categories - small differences are noticeable

peak discrimination at boundary

Question 3

perceptual magnet effect

Answer 3

describes how sounds that are close to a prototype (typical /i/ sound) within a vowel category are perceived as more similar than they actually are

reduced discriminability of sounds within a category, especially near the prototype

good /i/ has a stronger pull
less good /i/ has a weaker pull

harder to tell apart stimuli near the prototype - all perceived as /i/ & are therefore less different from each other

Question 4

confusion matrix

Answer 4

a chart that shows which sounds are most often confused w/ each other based on listener judgements

Question 5

distance map

Answer 5

a visual representation of perceptual distances between sounds

often derived from confusion matrices

sounds closer together on the map are more likely to be confused

Question 6

identification curves

Answer 6

steep around category boundaries

ambiguous region

y-axis = %p
x-axis = VOT

Question 7

discrimination curve

Answer 7

peak discrimination at boundary

wiggle room to get a sound slightly wrong & still be understood

want all of your resources at the boundary

y axis = % correct
x axis = VOT

Question 8

where in vowel space will pairs of sounds be most & least discernable

Answer 8

most - near vowel category boundaries

least - near vowel prototypes, due to perceptual magnet effect

Question 9

primary cues to vowel identity

Answer 9

F1 & F2

Question 10

perceptual cues to stop identity

Answer 10

formant transitions to vowels

burst spectra changes based on the place of articulation which changes the length of the vocal tract

Question 11

perceptual cues to nasal identity

Answer 11

anti formants

length of dead end tube, changes based on nasal identity