Philosophy: Branches & Types

Question 1

What are the branches of Philosophy?

Answer 1

MOETACPSA

1. Metaphysics
2. Ontology
3. Epistemology
4. Theodicy
5. Axiology (Ethics)
6. Cosmology
7. Psychology
8. Social Philosophy
9. Aesthetics

Question 2

Metaphysics is derived from what phrase? Which means?

Answer 2

Meta ta Physika

-“after the physics” of Aristotle

Question 3

Deals with the reality beyond the physical nature

Answer 3

Metaphysics

Question 4

Study of nature

Answer 4

Physics

Question 5

Who is the father of Metaphysics?

Answer 5

Aristotle

Question 6

Root word of Physics

Answer 6

Physis - nature

Physikoi - naturalist

Question 7

Deals with what things fundamentally exist

Answer 7

Metaphysics

Question 8

Metaphysics is divided into two

Answer 8

Ontology

Epistemology

Question 9

Study of being as being

Answer 9

Ontology

Question 10

Philosophy about the validity of knowledge

Answer 10

Epistemology

Question 11

Ontology came from what words

Answer 11

Onto, ens (being)

Logos (word, treatise, study)

Question 12

Epistemology came from what word? Which means?

Answer 12

Episteme - knowledge

Question 13

What is the tagalog of “being”?

Answer 13

Meron

Question 14

Deals with the principles that govern the processes in nature or the world

Answer 14

Cosmology

Question 15

Cosmology came from what word? Which means?

Answer 15

Kosmos - order

Question 16

It is the study of the soul and the study of man

Determines the nature of the human person

Answer 16

Psychology

Question 17

Psychology came from what word? Which means?

Answer 17

Psyche - soul

Question 18

Refers to our understanding of the existence of God

Answer 18

Theodicy

Question 19

Theodicy came from what words? Which means?

Answer 19

Theos - god

Dicere - to say

Question 20

Differentiate Theodicy and Theology

Answer 20

Theodicy

• understanding god
• no faith needed

Theology

• discuss if God exists
• needs faith

Question 21

5 proofs of St. Thomas is aka? And why?

Answer 21

Cosmological Arguments - used examples from world

Question 22

What are the 5 proofs of St. Thomas?

Answer 22

1. Causality
2. Motion
3. Necessity & Possibility
4. Perfection
5. Intelligent Designer

Question 23

What do you call the proof of St. Anselm? Why?

Answer 23

Ontological Proof - used logic only

Question 24

What does the Ontological Proof of St. Anselm states?

Answer 24

“God is that than which nothin greater can be conceived.”

Question 25

St. Anselm therefore conclude that God is?

Answer 25

Metaphysical

Question 26

It is the study of our values and norms for good actions | Ethics is part of it

Answer 26

Axiology

Question 27

Where does axiology came from? Which means?

Answer 27

Axious - values

Question 28

It refers to the philosophical study of human society

Answer 28

Social Philosophy

Question 29

Social Philosophy came from what word? Which means?

Answer 29

Socius - companion

Question 30

Types/Movements of Philosophy

Answer 30

EPAPPSP 1. Existentialism 2. Phenomenology 3. Analytic Philosophy 4. Pragmatism 5. Philosophical Hermeneutics 6. Structuralism 7. Post-Structuralism

Question 31

Explain: Existentialism

Answer 31

Soren Kierkegaard, Jean-Paul Sarte, Martin Heidegger Came from the word existence - actual experience of a human -existence comes first before essence

Question 32

Differentiate essence and existence

Answer 32

Essence - nature of a thing - "what" of object Existence - presence of a thigh - "is there" of object

Question 33

What is the etymology of man?

Answer 33

Dasein Da - there Sein - being = human being

Question 34

Explain: Phenomenology

Answer 34

Edmund Husserl (founder), Max Scheler, Martin Heidegger -studies structure of consciousness and the phenomena that appear in our consciousness

Question 35

Where does the word phenomenology came from? What does it means?

Answer 35

Phainomenon - appears

Question 36

Explain: Pragmatism

Answer 36

William James, Charles Sanders Peirce, John Dewey -proposition is true/good if it successfully worked

Question 37

Where does pragmatism came from? What does it mean?

Answer 37

Pragma - deed

Question 38

Who said about the pragmatic maxim?

Answer 38

Charles Sanders Peirce

Question 39

Explain: Analytic Philosophy

Answer 39

Bertrand Russel, G. E. Moore - study of language - "analysis" means to break up into parts

Question 40

Explain: Philosophical Hermeneutics

Answer 40

Hans-Georg Gadamer, Jean Grondin, Richard Palmer -about understanding in general

Question 41

Where does Hermeneutics came from?

Answer 41

Hermes - god's messenger; messages of gods to mortals

Question 42

What did Gadamer said?

Answer 42

"Understanding is the mode of being" | -humans are always in "understanding" mode

Question 43

Explain: Structuralism

Answer 43

Ferdinand de Saussure, Claude Levi-Strauss -everyone follows a structure

Question 44

Explain: Post-Structuralism

Answer 44

Michael Foucault, Jacques Derrida - opposed to structuralism - meaning can be understood outside the structure through POWER RELATIONS & UNCONSCIOUS