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Philosophy - Prelims > Philosophy: Branches & Types > Flashcards

Philosophy: Branches & Types Flashcards

1
Q

What are the branches of Philosophy?

A

MOETACPSA

  1. Metaphysics
  2. Ontology
  3. Epistemology
  4. Theodicy
  5. Axiology (Ethics)
  6. Cosmology
  7. Psychology
  8. Social Philosophy
  9. Aesthetics
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2
Q

Metaphysics is derived from what phrase? Which means?

A

Meta ta Physika

-“after the physics” of Aristotle

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3
Q

Deals with the reality beyond the physical nature

A

Metaphysics

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4
Q

Study of nature

A

Physics

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5
Q

Who is the father of Metaphysics?

A

Aristotle

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6
Q

Root word of Physics

A

Physis - nature

Physikoi - naturalist

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7
Q

Deals with what things fundamentally exist

A

Metaphysics

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8
Q

Metaphysics is divided into two

A

Ontology

Epistemology

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9
Q

Study of being as being

A

Ontology

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10
Q

Philosophy about the validity of knowledge

A

Epistemology

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11
Q

Ontology came from what words

A

Onto, ens (being)

Logos (word, treatise, study)

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12
Q

Epistemology came from what word? Which means?

A

Episteme - knowledge

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13
Q

What is the tagalog of “being”?

A

Meron

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14
Q

Deals with the principles that govern the processes in nature or the world

A

Cosmology

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15
Q

Cosmology came from what word? Which means?

A

Kosmos - order

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16
Q

It is the study of the soul and the study of man

Determines the nature of the human person

A

Psychology

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17
Q

Psychology came from what word? Which means?

A

Psyche - soul

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18
Q

Refers to our understanding of the existence of God

A

Theodicy

19
Q

Theodicy came from what words? Which means?

A

Theos - god

Dicere - to say

20
Q

Differentiate Theodicy and Theology

A

Theodicy

  • understanding god
  • no faith needed

Theology

  • discuss if God exists
  • needs faith
21
Q

5 proofs of St. Thomas is aka? And why?

A

Cosmological Arguments - used examples from world

22
Q

What are the 5 proofs of St. Thomas?

A
  1. Causality
  2. Motion
  3. Necessity & Possibility
  4. Perfection
  5. Intelligent Designer
23
Q

What do you call the proof of St. Anselm? Why?

A

Ontological Proof - used logic only

24
Q

What does the Ontological Proof of St. Anselm states?

A

“God is that than which nothin greater can be conceived.”

25
Q

St. Anselm therefore conclude that God is?

A

Metaphysical

26
Q

It is the study of our values and norms for good actions

Ethics is part of it

A

Axiology

27
Q

Where does axiology came from? Which means?

A

Axious - values

28
Q

It refers to the philosophical study of human society

A

Social Philosophy

29
Q

Social Philosophy came from what word? Which means?

A

Socius - companion

30
Q

Types/Movements of Philosophy

A

EPAPPSP

  1. Existentialism
  2. Phenomenology
  3. Analytic Philosophy
  4. Pragmatism
  5. Philosophical Hermeneutics
  6. Structuralism
  7. Post-Structuralism
31
Q

Explain: Existentialism

A

Soren Kierkegaard, Jean-Paul Sarte, Martin Heidegger

Came from the word existence - actual experience of a human
-existence comes first before essence

32
Q

Differentiate essence and existence

A

Essence

  • nature of a thing
  • “what” of object

Existence

  • presence of a thigh
  • “is there” of object
33
Q

What is the etymology of man?

A

Dasein

Da - there
Sein - being
= human being

34
Q

Explain: Phenomenology

A

Edmund Husserl (founder), Max Scheler, Martin Heidegger

-studies structure of consciousness and the phenomena that appear in our consciousness

35
Q

Where does the word phenomenology came from? What does it means?

A

Phainomenon - appears

36
Q

Explain: Pragmatism

A

William James, Charles Sanders Peirce, John Dewey

-proposition is true/good if it successfully worked

37
Q

Where does pragmatism came from? What does it mean?

A

Pragma - deed

38
Q

Who said about the pragmatic maxim?

A

Charles Sanders Peirce

39
Q

Explain: Analytic Philosophy

A

Bertrand Russel, G. E. Moore

  • study of language
  • “analysis” means to break up into parts
40
Q

Explain: Philosophical Hermeneutics

A

Hans-Georg Gadamer, Jean Grondin, Richard Palmer

-about understanding in general

41
Q

Where does Hermeneutics came from?

A

Hermes - god’s messenger; messages of gods to mortals

42
Q

What did Gadamer said?

A

“Understanding is the mode of being”

-humans are always in “understanding” mode

43
Q

Explain: Structuralism

A

Ferdinand de Saussure, Claude Levi-Strauss

-everyone follows a structure

44
Q

Explain: Post-Structuralism

A

Michael Foucault, Jacques Derrida

  • opposed to structuralism
  • meaning can be understood outside the structure through POWER RELATIONS & UNCONSCIOUS

Philosophy - Prelims (8 decks)

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