Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Philosophy - Prelims > Logic: History > Flashcards

Logic: History Flashcards

1
Q

Basically concerned with the principles of valid inference

A

Logic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the meaning of logic?

A

Logic is the study of the principles and methods by which we distinguish good reasoning from bad reasoning.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

He is the first thinker to devise a logical system

A

Aristotle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

He is known as the father of logic

A

Aristotle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

It is a collection of five logical treatises written by Aristotle

A

Organon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does Organon means?

A

Instrument

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the 5 logical treatises of Organon?

A

COPPT

Categories
On Interpretation
Prior Analytics
Posterior Analytics 
Topics (w/ appendix: Sophistical Refutations)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the appendix inside the Topics?

A

Sophistical Refutations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What kind of logic did Aristotle made?

A

Syllogistic logic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Who worked on Aristotle’s logic after his death?

A

Theophrastus, student of Aristotle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

It followed more the Eleatic school rather than the Peripatetic school

A

Megarian School

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Who founded the Megarian School?

A

Euclides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Megarians focused on what?

A

Paradoxes
Modal notions
Conditional statements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Who owned the peripatetic school?

A

Aristotle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Produced a logical system that was viewed as a rival to Aristotle’s

A

Stoicism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Who founded Stoicism?

A

Zeno of Citium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Focus on the theory of conditional propositions

A

Stoicism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

He dealt with the doctrine of predicables

A

Porphyry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What did Porphyry created?

A

Isagoge (Introduction)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

He translated and commented on Aristotle’s logic

A

Boethius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What did Boethius introduced? What does it says?

A

“Problem of Universals”

-The whole art of logic is concerned with speech.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

He used dialectic instead of logic

A

Peter Abelard

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the works of Peter Abelard?

A

Dialectica (one of the 4 logic)

Consequentia or Hypothetical arguments: Modus ponens & Tollens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Name of Peter Abelard’s partner

A

Heloise, in the movie “Stealing Heaven”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

This concerns with Appellation and Supposition

A

Theory of Proprietates Terminorum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Doctrine about the reference of terms in various propositional contexts

A

Supposition Theory

28
Q

He is the most important terminist logician in the 14th century

A

William of Ockham

29
Q

What are the works of William of Ockham?

A

Summa Totius Logicae

Ockham’s razor

30
Q

What is Ockham’s razor about?

A

Entities must not be multiplied beyond necessity

Entia non sunt multiplicanda praeter necessitatem

31
Q

He elaborated a full theory of consequences, a cross between entailments and inference rules.

A

Jean Buridan

32
Q

Constructed a detailed and extensive investigation of syllogistic, and offers completeness proofs.

A

Jean Buridan

33
Q

Period when logic was stagnant and not entirely us

A

After Renaissance

34
Q

A stoic, and a master of logic

A

Chrysippus

35
Q

This is an important textbook on logic; this was more of a manual or textbook on “Traditional logic”

A

Port Royal Logic

36
Q

Who wrote Port Royal Logic?

A

Antoine Arnauld & Pierre Nicole

37
Q

Port Royal Logic admired Aristotle’s what but rejected the other works?

A

Prior Analytics

38
Q

Port Royal Logic is a distinction between what and what of the general term

A

Comprehension and extension

39
Q

During the modern logic, new studies on logic were done mostly by whom?

A

Mathematicians

40
Q

Who are the 6 mathematicians during the modern logic?

A 
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
Leonhard Euler
John Stuart Mill
George Boole
John Venn
Lewis Caroll
41
Q

What is the name of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz’s project?

A

Characteristica Universalis

42
Q

A kind of universal feature of language the use of which can make our language mathematically precise

A

Characteristica Universalis

43
Q

What is Leibniz’s dream for an ideal language?

A

Eliminate ambiguities and vagueness in our language

44
Q

A system or device used to perform logical deductions within the framework set by the Characteristica

A

Calculus Ratiocinator

45
Q

Who said, “The only way to rectify our reasonings is to make them as tangible as those of the mathematicians…”

A

Leibniz

46
Q

What did Euler made?

A

Euler’s circles, Letters to a German Princess on Diverse Subjects of Natural Philosophy

47
Q

The German princess that Euler tutored

A

Friederike Charlotte of Brandenburg-Schwedt

48
Q

He is the most devoted to induction and the methodology of natural and social sciences

A

John Stuart Mill

49
Q

What did Mill introduced?

A

Connotation and Denotation of Terms

50
Q

What is the work of John Stuart Mill?

A

System of Logic: a connected view of the principles of evidence and the methods of scientific investigation

51
Q

What are the works of George Boole?

A

Mathematical analysis of logic

Laws of Thought

52
Q

What is the idea of George Boole?

A

That algebraic formula can be used to express logical relations

53
Q

He used diagrams of overlapping regions to illustrate relations between classes or just truth-conditions of propositions.

A

John Venn

54
Q

What is the work of John Venn?

A

Symbolic Logic

55
Q

John Venn’s diagrams were distinct from those of whom? And it illustrates who’s logic?

A

Euler

Boole’s logic

56
Q

What was the work of Lewis Caroll?

A

Symbolic Logic

57
Q

What did Lewis Caroll had written?

A

Alice in Wonderland

58
Q

He also used a similar scheme

A

Lewis Caroll

59
Q

What are the 3 overlapping traditions in logic

A
  1. Algebraic School
  2. Logicist School
  3. Axiomatic School (Mathematical School)
60
Q

Founders of Algebraic School

A

George Boole
William Stanley Jevons
John Venn

61
Q

Founders of Logicist School

A

Bertrand Russel
Ludwig Wittgenstein
Gottlob Frege

62
Q

Founders of Axiomatic School

A

Kurt Gödel

Allan Turing and Alonzo Church

63
Q

Its aim is to develop calculi common to the reasoning in different areas, such as propositions, classes, and probabilities. The orientation is that of abstract algebra.

A

Algebraic School

64
Q

Its aim is to codify the underlying logic of all relational scientific discourse into a single system.

A

Logicist School

65
Q

It is focused on the languages and the axiomatizations themselves as objects for direct mathematical study

A

Axiomatic School

Philosophy - Prelims (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions