Philosophy Flashcards
Existentialism
Philosophy based on free will
Empiricism
Theory that knowledge comes from sensory perception
Idealism
Theory that reality is mentally constructed
Logical positivism
Analytic philosophy that combines empiricism and rationalism
Neoplatonism
Mystical philosophy based on the teaching of Plato
Pragmatism
Theory before practice
Rationalism
Deductive reasoning
Transcendentalism
Belief that the spiritual is more important than the material
Aristotle
Student of Plato; poetics
Francis bacon
English philosopher
Herbert Francis Bradley
British idealist of “appearance and reality”
Rene Descartes
French father of modern philosophy
John Dewey
American philosopher of education and social reform
Thomas Hobbes
English political philosopher of “ leviathan”
David Hume
Scottish philosopher of empiricism and skepticism
William James
American philosopher and psychologist
Immanuel Kant
German of “critique of pure reason”
Gottfried Leibnitz
German philosopher and mathematician
John Locke
English philosopher and empiricist of “an essay concerning human understanding”
Nicolo Machiavelli
Italian of “the prince”
John Stuart mill
British philosopher and political economist
Thomas more
English philosopher and humanist of “utopia”
Friedrich Nietzsche
German known for the idea of the death of god; “beyond good and evil”
Charles sanders peirce
American father of pragmatism
Plato
Greek author of “the republic”
Arthur Schopenhauer
German atheist of “the world as will and representation”
Adam smith
Scottish enlightenment
Socrates
Ethics a and the teacher of Plato
Sun tzu
Chinese author of “the art of war”
Voltaire
French author of “candide”
Mao Zedong
Chinese communist leader
Jean Jacques Rousseau
Swiss author of the social contract
