Philo Flashcards
What is philosophy in greek?
philia
and sophia
what does philia and sophia mean?
love and wisdom
what is the starting point of philosophy?
Man is Fragile - people question because man is limited, we need to fill what is lacking
Beginning of philosophy is?
wonder
Most important element of philosophy
questions
philosophy is —- not thinking
doing
philosophy is alive because of ?
questions
what is satisfied with one simple answer
curiousity
goes beyond, ask more than what meets the eye
wonder
is something that we measure. The fact that we know (sometimes solely rational)
knowledge
is something that we experience (knowing how to use your knowledge)
: Practical - put into actualization
wisdom
Unam means?
one
Bonum means?
good
Pulchrum means?
beautiful
ad-hominem
appeals to authority
Eutopia
paradise ( subjective)
Meta means?
after
Beyond and physi means
nature
Studies reality and it’s ultimate causes in an absolute sense
what philosophy?
metaphysics
- Deals with “being,” that is all of existence studies its essence, substance and matter.
what philosophy?
metaphysics
Ironically speaking, a true philosopher does not see himself as a “philosopher” but as someone who thirst for wisdom
true or false?
true `
Study of principles by which we distinguish sound from unsound reasoning and if different types of reasoning
logic
Commonly known as the “Philosophers toolbox” for although it is not the study of reality directly. It seeks to know the conditions for valid knowledge; hence it is an instrument that in a general way affects all rational knowledge of reality
Logic
Occurs when we base the validity of our argument on how many people believe or do the same thing as we do. In other words we claim that something must be true simply because it is popular.
what fallcy?
bandwagon fallacy
Distortion of an opponent’s argument to make it easier to refute. By exaggerating or simplifying someone’s position, one can easily attack a weak version of it and ignore their real argument
what fallacy?
straw man logical fallacy
Non sequitur means?
it does not follow
Jumping to conclusions occurs when we use a small sample or exceptional cases to draw a conclusion or generalize a rule. what kind of fallacy?
Hasty Generalization logical fallacy
If two things appear to be correlated, this doesn’t necessarily indicate that one of those things irrefutably causes the other thing. WHat fallaacy?
caustion fallacy
kind of idealism focuses on the importance (value of patience) : use of senses (observation)
cosmocentism
Existence of the universe or nature
- Water is the source if everything
who is stated?
Thales
- “Socratic Questioning”
- An art of questioning
who is the ferson?
socrates
Dualistic”philosophy
- Built the “academy”
who is the ferson?
plato
Lyceum”
- Similar and yet different to Plato’s Academy
empiricism
who is stated?
aristotle
All our knowledge begins with the senses, proceeds then to the understanding and ends with reason.
- Dare to think
- There is nothing higher that reason
who is the ferson?
emmanuel kant
idealism focuses on the importance of the universe or nature. what is stated?
cosmocentrism
ART OF REASONING
LOGIC
Ancient philosphers
T S P A
Thales
Socrates
Plato
Aristotle
Smartest philosopher, he invented the questioning
socrates
God/divine is the reason for all existance. at this time they sought to combine faith and reason. What ideology ?
theocentrism
Fides et ratio
faith and reason
Medieval philosophers
SA ST SA
St. Augustine
St. Thomas aquinas
St. Anselm of canterbury
Adapting platonic idealism
- “The Confession” Combination of
Science and religion centered on
faith not reason – Fides et Ratio
who is stated ?
st agustine
Adopted Aristothelian philosophy.
He wrote his “Summa Theologiae,”
reason over faith. who is stated?
st. thomas aquinas
“Angelic Doctor of the Church” who is stated?
st. thomas aquinas
First one to developed a Christian ontological argument
st. anselm of canterbury
proslogion means?
centered on faith over reason
“I know faith that is why I believe”
st anselm of canterburg
focuses or gives emphasis on human kind being the center of everything. Mind or rationalism is the trend idealism at this point of time. what ideology?
anthropocentrism
Modern philosophers
R J E
Rene descartes
John Locke
Emmanuel kant
Ancient philosophers ideology
cosmocentrism
medieval philosophers belief?
theocentrism
modern philosophers belief?
anthropocentrism
Focus: Self
- “Man” is now the center of all things
- Lagi lahat instant/ impatient (all
things must submit to man’s will)
what era?
modern
I think: therefore I am
rene descartes
Father of Modern Philosophy
rene descartes
Evil Genius” (“confusion”) - divine
being who just put information
(Prevent to be decisive)
rene descartes
“to see is to believe” who stated this?
john locke
You gain knowledge when we experience things
who stated this?
John locke
All our knowledge begins with the senses, proceeds then to the understanding and ends with reason.
who stated this?
emmanuel kant
the things we don’t have the capabilities to do
noumenon
all things that we experience (knowledge)
phenomenon
Truth become relative
relativism
what is the casue of contemporary era?
What happened to Galileo Galilea
- That the world is the center of the
universe
- Found out that the church was wrong
- “To see is to believe” (yung nagging
Philosophy nila)
- Empiricism – mararanasan ko,
makikita ko
Critique modernity as failure – because man that time became so lazy and rely everything with science
Aido tassi
Neglect the importance of reflection - Man became so abusive of his
nature, to submit everything in the
will of man
- Values are removed and little by little
forgotten
who stated?
aido tassi
gave birth to all the -ism of philosophy
modernity
when moodernity came
what became the central point?
Nationality
The problem of contemporary period
They have perceive the reality in the lens of cognitive only (knowledge)
- They have conducted that everything can be philosophical and can be answer by science
- Systematic naging tingin ng tao sa problema
Oblivion made by
martin heidegger
what is oblivion?
the forgetfulness of being (the essentials)
- re birth of various ideologies from ancient to medieval period
contemporary philosophers
Central topic about human person in classical greek views
soul and spirit
They strengthened the foundation of the ancient greek philosophers
what era?
golden age of philosophy
Founding fathers of philosophy
S A P
Sorates
Aristotle
Plato
Socrates history
Born in Athens 469 BCE
- Combatted the arts or philosophy of
the Sophists
- Philosophized along the streets of
Athens
- Youth – studied philosophers
Adult – Debating philosophy
- Role of philosopher – walk around,
talk, and argue.
- He was seen as nuisance
- His trial became so famous which
was contradictory before when he
was still philosophizing.
- His life and works were written by
his noble student, Plato
- His acknowledgement of his
ignorance made him critical and wisest in his generation. (I know that I know nothing).
- For him, the human person also consisted of body and soul. Human body originated from the world while the soul from the Universal Reason or Mind.
Aristotle history
Human person is a rational animal. - Unlike Plato, his idea about human person is an “embodied spirit.”
- Reason is the thing that makes him
supreme from other beings. - Soul and body are really
interconnected. - Hylomorphism
what is dualistic phiosophy?
Human person is composed of body
and soul
plato history
Dualistic Philosophy
- Human person is composed of body
and soul
- The soul is a part of divine reason
- The human person in his/her
existence in this world is not the original and perfect but only an imperfect copy. The original real self is in the world of ideas.
- This imperfection is caused due to the soul’s imprisonment to the body.
- In order to be perfect, one must practice virtue. It can only be done through the power of “reason”
- Soul is the highest part of human person’s nature.
- Soul is most likely divine and eternal, intellectual and indivisible, and unchanging.
- While the body is likely human and mortal and diverse and unintellectual and constantly evolving.
most difficult question
Who am i
Earky greek views on human ferson
I I P
Ionian
Italian
Pluralist
Gives emphasis on the cause of things
- Physicists
- Abstract and Objective thinking
- They used sensible substance in
order to explain reality
what tradition?
Ionian
Ionian tradition, people
T H
Thales of Miletus
Heraclitus
first man who objectively viewed the world in a material nonreligious way.
- There must be a primary substance that makes up everything (Water)
who is stated?
thales of miletus
First ever recorded businessman as well as the first speculative thinker. who is stated?
Thales of Miletus
Disagreed Thales’ belief about water because there is the presence of the “opposite.
Heraclitus
he foreshadowed the concept of evolution
heraclitus
Dogmatic
- Practical Men: involved in their
cities. (Important roles)
- Different direction from the Ionian
what tradition?
italian tradition
Parts of italian tradition
pythagoras
permeides
Thought of the study of mathematics. This is why for him, numbers are not just ultimate objects of reality but can be subjects of worship and mystical contemplation.
who is stated
pythagoras
There must be the presence of “stability” and reject the law of contradiction or opposing forces.
- All change is an illusion
- All multiplicity and changing forms
and motion are appearances
who stated these?
permeides
Pluralist Tradition people
E D
Empedocles
Democritus
theorized about the four elements that caused the existence of everything
who is stated?
Empedocles
Agreed with Parmenides about the “unity of all things”
- Everything is in the constant love and strife cycle
who is stated???
empedocles
Love is always overwhelming which causes the wonders of nature (springs and etc.)
who is stated?
empedocles
Presented the concept that everything is made up of “Atomic” particles
- In his philosophy, one can see the trend of scientific method.
who is stated?
democritus
this philosophy, are opinions and actions based on reason and knowledge rather than religious or emotioinal response.
rationalism
the fact that food is healthy is a reason to eat it. what philosophy?
Rationalism
essence, no path set for us to follow. what philosophy?
existentialism
we carve our own path, we are rponsible for creating our own purpose and meaning. what philosophy?
existentialism
the myth of sisyphus, what philosophhy?
existentialism
Ideas sare the only true reality, what philosophy?
idealism
Perceived thoughts are reality. what philosophy?
Idealism
Ideas of the mind rather than material objects. what philosophy?
Idealism
a world without poverty. what ism?
idealism
believes in the existance of objective reality. what ism?
Realism
“things as they are” what ism?
realism
physical objects are independent to the mind. what ism?
realism
Soul is the highest part of human person’s nature, whose ideology is this?
Plato
the soul and body is seperate, the soul originated from the universe while the body is from the world. whose idea is this?
Socrates
soul and body are interconnected. whose idea is stated?
aristotle
