Philippa Foot

Question 1

British naturalist philosopher, Philippa Foot, suggested that moral evil is “a kind of ? ?”.

Answer 1

Natural defect.

Question 2

Foot argued that when we call a person a “just man” or an “? woman” we’re referring to something, to a person who recognises certain considerations as things that are ?, compelling reasons to ?

Answer 2

Honest.
Powerful.
Act.

Question 3

Foot is arguing that there are virtues, characteristics or behaviours that aim at some good, an idea taken from ? She thinks these virtues can be recognised or observed by watching how a person acts in consideration to those ? In this way, we can perceive the ? absolutes that empiricists argue we can’t measure.

Answer 3

Aristotle.
Virtues.
Morals.

Question 4

Foot draws on Aristotle’s observation that the ? world includes a good way of doing things:

1) There’s a life cycle consisting of self-maintenance and ?
2) Self-maintenance and reproduction can be achieved differently in each ? depending on how they feed, develop and reproduce.
3) From all of this, certain ? can be deduced.
4) By applying these norms to individual ? of the species, members can be judged to be effective or defective.

Answer 4

Natural.
Reproduction.
Species.
Norms.
Members.

Question 5

Foot gives the example of ? an oak tree: “oaks need to have deep sturdy roots: there’s something ? with them if they don’t”.

Answer 5

Evaluating.

Wrong.

Question 6

Foot applies her thinking to an ? from Peter Kropotkin’s “Memoirs of a Revolutionist (1971)” which shows the wrongness associated with breaking a ?

Answer 6

Example.

Promise.

Question 7

Naturalism implies there’s something ? about ?

Answer 7

Absolute.

Morality.