phenomenological Lecture 4 Flashcards
Core tenant of Ryan and Deci’s self-determination theory
self-authored, authentic, internally motivated behavior leads to optimal personal growth, optimal psychological and physical functioning, and general well-being
amotivation
non-regulated behavior that person mindlessly half asses (not at all self-determined)
extrinsic motivation
behavior that are done for reasons other than the inherent value of the activity
subcategories of extrinsic motivation
*external regulation
*introjected regulation
*identified regulation
*integrated regulation
external regulation
comply in order to receive external rewards or avoid external punishment
introjected regulation
partially external form of regulation in which things are done in order to avoid guilt or anxiety or to feel proud
identified regulation
somewhat internal form of regulation in which things are done because they are personally valued
integrated regulation
do things because they are congruent with the self-structure
intrinsic motivation
do things because they are inherently enjoyable
3 psychological needs
- competence
- autonomy
- relatedness
competence
need to feel efficacious in dealing with environment
autonomy
need to feel that one acts volitionally (on one’s own accord)
relatedness
need to feel connected to and valued by significant others
environments that undermine the fulfillment of autonomy, competence, and relatedness needs lead to
*feelings of being controlled and inauthentic
*feels of alienation and ill-being
*poor psychological and physical health
introjection
partially external form of internalization in which do stuff to avoid guilt or anxiety or to feel proud
identification
somewhat internal form of internalization in which do stuff that is personally valued
Ryan et al.
hypothesis: the relationship between religiosity and mental health depends upon the manner in which beliefs and values are internalized (introjection vs. identification)
Results: introjected beliefs positively associated with depression and anxiety
*identified beliefs negatively associated with anxiety and depression
Baldwin et al.: Remembering the real me: nostalgia and the intrinsic self
Results: nostalgia tended to increase access to the “intrinsic self,” increasing feelings of subjective well being
self-regulation
managing those cognitive, affective, and behavioral processes involved in the inhibition or facilitation of goal pursuit
Legault et al. :
found that experimentally fostering internal motivations to be non-prejudiced tended to decrease prejudice, whereas fostering external motivations tended to increase prejudice
Legault and Inzlicht
Study 1: predicted that, while performing a self-regulation task, subjects higher in trait autonomy would both show elevated ERN in response to errors and superior task performance
Measured: autonomous vs controlled motivation using General causality orientation scale (self regulation task go/no-go task)
results: more autonomous folks responded more intensely to errors and, as a result, self-regulated more effectively
*autonomy related to a lower number of errors by virtue of its relationship to stronger ERNS
Legault and Inzlicht
study 2: monipulated feelings of autonomy by describing stroop color naming task in 4 different ways and letting subjects choose which ‘game’ they wanted to play(autonomy condition); or seeing description of 4 ‘different games’ and being pressured by experimenter to play
measured: intrinsic motivation inventory (measures perceived; choice, task interest, and task value)
results: autonomy (choice) condition resulted in fewer errors by virtue of its relationship to a self-determined motivation towards the task, which in turn led to stronger ERNS
Anterior cingulate cortex
has connections with both limbic system and prefrontal cortex, processes response conflict, negative affect, errors, uncertainty, and both physical and psychological pain
