phenomenological Lecture 4

Question 1

Core tenant of Ryan and Deci’s self-determination theory

Answer 1

self-authored, authentic, internally motivated behavior leads to optimal personal growth, optimal psychological and physical functioning, and general well-being

Question 2

amotivation

Answer 2

non-regulated behavior that person mindlessly half asses (not at all self-determined)

Question 3

extrinsic motivation

Answer 3

behavior that are done for reasons other than the inherent value of the activity

Question 4

subcategories of extrinsic motivation

Answer 4

*external regulation
*introjected regulation
*identified regulation
*integrated regulation

Question 5

external regulation

Answer 5

comply in order to receive external rewards or avoid external punishment

Question 6

introjected regulation

Answer 6

partially external form of regulation in which things are done in order to avoid guilt or anxiety or to feel proud

Question 7

identified regulation

Answer 7

somewhat internal form of regulation in which things are done because they are personally valued

Question 8

integrated regulation

Answer 8

do things because they are congruent with the self-structure

Question 9

intrinsic motivation

Answer 9

do things because they are inherently enjoyable

Question 10

3 psychological needs

Answer 10

1. competence
2. autonomy
3. relatedness

Question 11

competence

Answer 11

need to feel efficacious in dealing with environment

Question 12

autonomy

Answer 12

need to feel that one acts volitionally (on one’s own accord)

Question 13

relatedness

Answer 13

need to feel connected to and valued by significant others

Question 14

environments that undermine the fulfillment of autonomy, competence, and relatedness needs lead to

Answer 14

*feelings of being controlled and inauthentic
*feels of alienation and ill-being
*poor psychological and physical health

Question 15

introjection

Answer 15

partially external form of internalization in which do stuff to avoid guilt or anxiety or to feel proud

Question 16

identification

Answer 16

somewhat internal form of internalization in which do stuff that is personally valued

Question 17

Ryan et al.
hypothesis: the relationship between religiosity and mental health depends upon the manner in which beliefs and values are internalized (introjection vs. identification)

Answer 17

Results: introjected beliefs positively associated with depression and anxiety
*identified beliefs negatively associated with anxiety and depression

Question 18

Baldwin et al.: Remembering the real me: nostalgia and the intrinsic self

Answer 18

Results: nostalgia tended to increase access to the “intrinsic self,” increasing feelings of subjective well being

Question 19

self-regulation

Answer 19

managing those cognitive, affective, and behavioral processes involved in the inhibition or facilitation of goal pursuit

Question 20

Legault et al. :

Answer 20

found that experimentally fostering internal motivations to be non-prejudiced tended to decrease prejudice, whereas fostering external motivations tended to increase prejudice

Question 21

Legault and Inzlicht
Study 1: predicted that, while performing a self-regulation task, subjects higher in trait autonomy would both show elevated ERN in response to errors and superior task performance
Measured: autonomous vs controlled motivation using General causality orientation scale (self regulation task go/no-go task)

Answer 21

results: more autonomous folks responded more intensely to errors and, as a result, self-regulated more effectively
*autonomy related to a lower number of errors by virtue of its relationship to stronger ERNS

Question 22

Legault and Inzlicht
study 2: monipulated feelings of autonomy by describing stroop color naming task in 4 different ways and letting subjects choose which ‘game’ they wanted to play(autonomy condition); or seeing description of 4 ‘different games’ and being pressured by experimenter to play
measured: intrinsic motivation inventory (measures perceived; choice, task interest, and task value)

Answer 22

results: autonomy (choice) condition resulted in fewer errors by virtue of its relationship to a self-determined motivation towards the task, which in turn led to stronger ERNS

Question 23

Anterior cingulate cortex

Answer 23

has connections with both limbic system and prefrontal cortex, processes response conflict, negative affect, errors, uncertainty, and both physical and psychological pain