Chapter 15

Question 1

Ontological self

Answer 1

the somewhat mysterious inner self of thinking, observation, and experience (the “I”) “the soul”

Question 2

epistemological self

Answer 2

knowledge of ones own personality traits, experiences, and other attributes (the “me”) “descriptions”

Question 3

William James believed out “me” included…

Answer 3

personality traits, body, home, possessions, and family

Question 4

Richard Robins et al. and the four important jobs of the self

Answer 4

1. self-regulation
2. information-processing filter: pay attention and remember what is important to us
3. relatedness
4. identity

Question 5

self knowledge includes…

Answer 5

1. declarative knowledge
2. procedural knowledge

Question 6

declarative knowledge

Answer 6

consists of the facts and impressions that we consciously know and can describe (information held in memory that is able to be verbalized)

Question 7

procedural knowledge

Answer 7

expressed in actions rather than work

Question 8

the declarative self

Answer 8

an individuals conscious opinions about his or her own personality traits and other relevant attributes

Question 9

self-esteem

Answer 9

the degree to which a person thinks he or she is good or bad, worthy or unworthy

Question 10

self-enhance

Answer 10

think themselves better than everyone -> leads to narcissism

Question 11

self-schema

Answer 11

includes all of one’s ideas about the self, organized into a concrete system/ the cognitive structure hypothesized to contain a person’s self-knowledge and to direct self-relevant thought

Question 12

Long term memory

Answer 12

use rehearsal and elaboration to transfer info into LTM

Question 13

self-reference effect

Answer 13

the enhancement of long-term memory that comes from thinking about how information being memorized relates to the self

Question 14

possible selves

Answer 14

the images we have or can construct of the other ways we might be

Question 15

self-discrepancy theory

Answer 15

you have not one but two kinds of desired selves, and the difference between them and your actual self determines how you feel

Question 16

ideal self

Answer 16

your view of what you could be at your best (reward based)

Question 17

ought self

Answer 17

your view of what you should be (punishment based)

Question 18

fail to become ideal self =

Answer 18

depressed

Question 19

fail to become ought self =

Answer 19

anxious

Question 20

the procedural self

Answer 20

patterns of behavior that are characteristic of an individual (knowing how)

Question 21

relational self-schema

Answer 21

based on past experiences that direct how we relate with each of the important people in our lives

Question 22

implicit selves

Answer 22

unconscious thoughts and feelings about ourselves

Question 23

working self-concept

Answer 23

view of the continuously changing self
* changes depending on the people you’re with

Question 24

problems with the working self-concept

Answer 24

*competing goals
*could lead to poor mental health
*how many is to many