Chapter 15 Flashcards
Ontological self
the somewhat mysterious inner self of thinking, observation, and experience (the “I”) “the soul”
epistemological self
knowledge of ones own personality traits, experiences, and other attributes (the “me”) “descriptions”
William James believed out “me” included…
personality traits, body, home, possessions, and family
Richard Robins et al. and the four important jobs of the self
- self-regulation
- information-processing filter: pay attention and remember what is important to us
- relatedness
- identity
self knowledge includes…
- declarative knowledge
- procedural knowledge
declarative knowledge
consists of the facts and impressions that we consciously know and can describe (information held in memory that is able to be verbalized)
procedural knowledge
expressed in actions rather than work
the declarative self
an individuals conscious opinions about his or her own personality traits and other relevant attributes
self-esteem
the degree to which a person thinks he or she is good or bad, worthy or unworthy
self-enhance
think themselves better than everyone -> leads to narcissism
self-schema
includes all of one’s ideas about the self, organized into a concrete system/ the cognitive structure hypothesized to contain a person’s self-knowledge and to direct self-relevant thought
Long term memory
use rehearsal and elaboration to transfer info into LTM
self-reference effect
the enhancement of long-term memory that comes from thinking about how information being memorized relates to the self
possible selves
the images we have or can construct of the other ways we might be
self-discrepancy theory
you have not one but two kinds of desired selves, and the difference between them and your actual self determines how you feel
ideal self
your view of what you could be at your best (reward based)
ought self
your view of what you should be (punishment based)
fail to become ideal self =
depressed
fail to become ought self =
anxious
the procedural self
patterns of behavior that are characteristic of an individual (knowing how)
relational self-schema
based on past experiences that direct how we relate with each of the important people in our lives
implicit selves
unconscious thoughts and feelings about ourselves
working self-concept
view of the continuously changing self
* changes depending on the people you’re with
problems with the working self-concept
*competing goals
*could lead to poor mental health
*how many is to many
