Alfred Adler Lecture 4 Flashcards
Grouzet et al.
examined whether a two-dimensional goal circumflex would generalize cross-culturally
grouzet et al. hypothesized
there would be two orthogonal (independent) dimensions along which goals tend to fall
orthogonal
standing on one dimensions unrelated to standing on another
dimension 1
extrinsic vs. intrinsic
dimension 2
self-transcendent vs. physical
*eg. spirituality vs. hedonism
studied goals
- affiliation
- community feeling
- conformity
- financial success
- hedonism (pleasure of senses)
- spirituality
- image
- physical health
- popularity
- safety
- self-acceptance
rich country circumplex
transcendence
spirituality
rich country circumplex
transcendence-intrinsic
community
rich country circumplex
intrinsic-physical
physical health, safety
rich country circumplex
physical
hedonism
rich country circumplex
physical-extrinsic
financial success
rich country circumplex
extrinsic
popularity, image
rich country circumplex
extrinsic-transcendence
conformity
poor country circumplex
extrinsic
popularity, image
poor country circumplex
intrinsic
affiliation, acceptance, health, safety
poor country circumplex
transcendence-extrinsic
conformity
poor country circumplex
transcendence-intrinsic
community
financial success was not well modeled
poor country circumplex
self-acceptance was not well modeled
rich country circumplex
consciously articulated conformity
equal mixture of extrinsic and transcendent strivings
cross-cultural generalization of E-I and S-P dimensions suggest some “human” similarities of goal structure
- intrinsically motivated to satisfy psychological needs
- extrinsically motivated to achieve rewards and praise
- transcendent “existential quest” to find life meaning
Alfred Adler
we can seek to overcome human frailty and imperfection by either striving for personal superiority (destructive) or social success (constructive)
Albert Bandura
“transcendent” motives are in reality facile rationalizations for atrocious behavior
two theories for motivational functioning
- goal contents theory
- organismic integration theory
goal contents theory
what are you trying ot get from your behavior
organismic integration theory
concerned with the reasons for engaging in the behavior
Sheldon et al
study 1 & 2:
measured participants goal complexes by examining statements that they made that applied to their lives in general. Statements took the form of “I will try to be ‘x’ because of ‘Y’
extrinsic or intrinsic aims were characterized as either controlling or autonomous
Results: pursuing extrinsic aims for controlling reasons led to more moral disengagement both in the moment and across time
Sheldon et al.
study 3: participants were given geometrical reasoning problems to solve. They had to solve them by copying the image without lifting their pencil or repeating any line
* 3/6 were unsolvable, praticipants were timed and paid for how many they solved
Results: pursuing extrinsic goals for controlling reasons increased actual unethical behavior: cheating
