PHCT LAB - MIDTERMS Flashcards
Other names of Carbon Tetrachloride (4)
CCI4, tetrachloromethane, pyrine, carbona
Colorless, non-flammable liquid, sweet
penetrating odor
Carbon Tetrachloride
Metabolized by the enzyme CYP450 which
results in formation of toxic metabolite,
Epoxide, TCM (Trichloromethane)
Carbon Tetrachloride
Used as solvent in pharmacy, propellant, fire
extinguisher, dry cleaning clothes
Carbon Tetrachloride
CT | Dose
no ADE after 3-4 hours
10-80ppm
CT | Dose
depression and dyspnea
100ppm
CT | Dose
liver, lung, kidney damage,
tachycardia and tachypnea
> 200ppm
CT | Lethal Dose
3-5mL
TX for CT Toxicity
NAC, beta blockers, hyperbaric
oxygen
Other names for Carbon disulfide
CS2, Carbon Bisulfide, Dithiocarbonic
anhydride, Sulfocarbonic anhydride
Clear, colorless or faintly yellow liquid, highly
flammable, chloroform like odor
Carbon Disulfide
Used in the manufacture of rubber, plywood
glues, rayon, cellophane, electroplating and
metal rust removal, used in agriculture as a
pesticide and fumigant
Carbon Disulfide
Quickly absorbed by ingestion, inhalation, and
dermal exposure
Carbon Disulfide
Carbon Disulfide | Lethal Dose
0.1 mg/dL
Carbon Disulfide | Toxic Action
CNS Depression, peripheral neuropathy,
decomposition of RBC (methemoglobinemia),
psychiatric manifestations, birth defects
Carbon Disulfide | Toxic Action
CNS Depression, peripheral neuropathy,
decomposition of RBC (methemoglobinemia),
psychiatric manifestations, birth defects
TX for Carbon Disulfide Toxicity
Artificial respiration, emetics, gastric lavage,
antidepressants, methylene blue
Other names for Aniline
C6H5NH2, Phenylamine, Aminobenzene
Unpleasant odor of rotten fish, burning aromatic taste, a highly acrid-poison. Ignites readily with smoky flame.
ANILINE
Aniline was first isolated from the destructive distillation of indigo in 1826 by _____ who named it crystalline
Otto Unverdorben
Used to make synthetic dyes, polyurethane foam, agricultural chemicals, antioxidants, stabilizers for the rubber industry, herbicides, varnishes and explosives
ANILINE
ANILINE, SYNTHESIS
Nitration and Hydrogenation
-Phenol + Ammonia
ANILINE | Lethal Dose
15-30g
Aniline | Toxic Effects
Dizziness, HA, Irregular heart
beat, convulsions, coma, and death. Direct
contact with aniline can also produce skin and
eye irritation, Methemoglobinemia
TX for ANILINE
Gastric lavage, oxygen, methylene blue
Meth Level | Headache, fatigue, dizziness, rapid heart rate, mild shortness of breath
30-50%
Meth Level | Stupor, slow heart rate/ respiratory depression, irregular heart rhythm, acid-base imbalance
50-70%
Meth Level | Cardiac arrest, loss of consciousness, coma, death
60-70%
Other names for Picric Acid
2,4,6-trinitrophenol, phenolnitrate
Pale yellow, odorless crystal, with bitter and slightly soluble in water
Picric Acid
Uses: as explosive, in match and battery
manufacturing, leather and textile industry,
production of colored glass and yellow dyes for
silk in 1849. Used as antiseptic in the 20th century
for the manufacture of ointments for burns. As
chemistry reagent, dyes and fixatives used in
pathology
Picric Acid
Picric Acid | Fatal Dose
1-3g po
Effects of Picric Acid
Discoloration of the skin, sensitization dermatitis,
weakness, myalgia, anuria, poiyuria, HA, fever, seizure, coma
Effects of Picric Acid in High Doses
High doses: destruction of RBC, hemorrhagic nephritis and hepatitis, pseudojaundice, including conjuctiva and aqueous humor, and yellow vision
Picric Acid | Treatment
Activated charcoal, IV fluids, BZD, oxygen and
methylene blue
Other name for Naphthalene
C1OH8, Moth ball, moth flakes, albocarbon,
tar camphor, white tar
Made from crude oil or crude tar. It is also
produced when things burn, so naphthalene is
found in cigarette smoke, car exhaust, and
smoke from forest fires
Naphthalene
Uses: Toilet bowl deodorizers, moth
repellents, pesticides in the US in 1948
Naphthalene
Naphthalene | Lethal Dose
1-2g (4-8 moth balls)
Naphthalene | Toxic Action
CNS Stimulation, Destruction of RBC, Death
Napthalene | Effects
Abdominal pain, N/V, Diarrhea, Tachycardia,
Hemolytic Anemia, Seizure, Coma, wine coloured
urine
Napthalene | Treatment
IV Fluids, Methylene Blue, Alkalinization, Activated charcoal, Morphine
The ___ of WHO concluded that naphthalene is possibly carcinogenic to humans.
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
In humans, naphthalene is broken down to ____
alpha-naphthol.
______ is linked to the development of hemolytic anemia. Kidney and liver damage may also occur. ___ and other metabolites are excreted in urine
alpha-naphthol.
Other names for Aspirin
C9H804, Acetylsalicylic Acid, 2-
acetoxybenzoic acid, acidium salicylicum,
salicylic acid acetate, polypiryna
Colorless or white crystalline powder,
odorless, melting point at 135C
Aspirin
Aspirin
Acid Hydrolysis:
Violet Solution
Aspirin
Basic Hydrolysis
Clear Solution
ASA | Dose
Analgesic for the treatment of mild to moderate
pain
325-650mg adult dosage
ASA | Dose
Anti-inflammatory agent for the treatment of soft
tissue and joint inflammation
45mg/kg adult dosage
ASA | Dose
Antipyretic drug
325-650 mg adult dosage
ASA | Dose
Antiplatelet/ Antithrombosis
40-80 mg
ASA: Acute Toxicity
- Vomiting after ingestion
- Hyperpnea
- tinnitus and lethargy
- Mixed respiratoy alkalemia
- metabolic acidosis
ASA: Chronic Toxicity
Nonspecific confusion, dehydration and metabolic
acidosis are attributed to sepsis, pneumonia or
gastroenteritis
ASA | Treatment
IV Fluids, glucose, NaH003, hemodialysis
ASA | Therapeutic Dose
Average Single Dose
10mg/kg
ASA | Therapeutic Dose
Usual daily dose
40-60 mg/kg/d
ASA | Toxic Dose
Mild intoxication
150-200 mg/kg
ASA | Toxic Dose
Severe intoxication
300-500 mg/kg
ASA | Toxic Dose
Severe intoxication
> 100mg/kg/d for 2 or more
days
