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MIDTERMS > PCOS LEC - SKINCARE > Flashcards

PCOS LEC - SKINCARE Flashcards

1
Q

is the outer covering of the body and is the largest organ of the integumentary system.

A

Skin

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2
Q

One of the skin’s primary physiological functions is to act as the body’s first line of
defense against _______

A

Exogenous agents

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3
Q

the skin should not be viewed as a flawless ____________

A

physicochemical barrier

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4
Q

Many ________ compounds are capable of penetrating this barrier

A

low–molecular weight

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5
Q

most cosmetics are applied to the ___________

A

highly permeable facial skin

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6
Q

majority of reported cosmetic reactions occur in the ___

A

face

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7
Q

This is a nonspecific term used to describe any inflammatory skin disease resulting from contact with an irritant or allergenic substance

A

CONTACT DERMATITIS

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8
Q

Whatever the causative agent, the clinical features are similar: itching, redness, and skin lesions

A

CONTACT DERMATITIS

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9
Q

It is a term given to a complex group of localized inflammatory reactions that follow nonimmunological damage to the skin.

A

IRRITANT CONTACT DERMATITIS (IRRITATION)

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10
Q

The inflammation may be the result of an acute toxic (usually chemical) insult to the skin, or of repeated and cumulative damage from weaker irritants (chemical
or physical).

A

IRRITANT CONTACT DERMATITIS (IRRITATION)

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11
Q

There is no definite laboratory test for _______ diagnosis is by clinical morphology, of course, and appropriate negative patch-test results.

A

IRRITANT CONTACT DERMATITIS (IRRITATION)

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12
Q

is the result of a single overwhelming exposure toastrongirritant or a series of brief physical or chemical contacts, leadingtoacuteinflammation of the skin.

A

ACUTE ICD

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13
Q

The resultant clinical appearance is that of erythema, edema, pain, andsometimes vesiculation at the site of contact, usually associatedwithburning or stinging sensations.

A

Acute Irritant Contact Dermatitis

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14
Q

_______ or chronic ICD develops as aresult of
a series of repeated and damaging insults to the skin. The insults maybechemical or physical.

A

Cumulative Irritant Contact Dermatitis

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15
Q

Some chemicals produce acute irritation in a delayed manner sothat thesigns and symptoms of acute irritant dermatitis appear 12 to 24hoursormore after the original insult.

A

Delayed Acute Irritant Contact Dermatitis

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16
Q

occurs when a substance comes into contact with skin that has undergone an acquired specific alteration in its reactivity as a result of prior exposure of the skin to the substance eliciting the dermatitis.

A

ALLERGIC CONTACT DERMATITIS

17
Q

The skin response of _____ is delayed, immunologically mediated (TypeIV), andconsists of varying degrees of erythema, edema, papules, and papulovesicles.

A

Allergic Contact Dermatitis

18
Q

_______ is the gold standard; it is imperative for proving ACD, determining the actual allergen, predictive testing, i.e., determining ‘‘safe’’ materials for the consumer, and exclusion of other diagnoses.

A

Patch testing

19
Q

It is a chemically induced nonimmunological skin irritation requiring light. This reaction will occur in all individuals exposed to the chemical–light combination

A

PHOTOIRRITANT CONTACT DERMATITIS

20
Q

the clinical picture is that of erythema, edema, or vesiculation in sun-exposed areas, resembling an exaggerated sunburn. This may be followed by hyperpigmentation, or if the exposure is repeated, scaling and lichenification may occur

A

C. PHOTOIRRITANT CONTACT DERMATITIS

21
Q

a component of bergamot oil, which used to be a popular ingredient
in perfume, is a potent photoirritant that causes berloque dermatitis

A

Bergapten

22
Q

It is an immunological response to a substance that requires the presence of
light.

A

PHOTOALLERGIC CONTACT DERMATITIS

23
Q

PHOTOALLERGIC CONTACT DERMATITIS
The substance in the skin absorbs photons and is converted to a stable or unstable photoproduct, which binds to skin proteins to form an antigen, which then elicits a delayed _______

A

hypersensitivity response

24
Q

Examples of photoallergens present in cosmetics and perfume are:

A

musk ambrette and 6-methylcoumarin

25
Q

_______ is the diagnostic procedure for photoallergy

A

Photopatch testing

26
Q

It represents a heterogeneous group of inflammatory reactions that appear, usually within a few minutes to an hour, after contact with the eliciting substance

A

CONTACT URTICARIA SYNDROME

27
Q

Clinically, erythematous wheal-and-flare reactions are seen, and sensationsof
burning, stinging, or itching are experienced. These are transient, usuallydisappearing within a few hours. In its more severe forms, generalizedurticariaor extracutaneous

A

CONTACT URTICARIA SYNDROME

28
Q

Diagnosis may be achieved by a variety of skin tests—the ______ is the simplest of these and is the ‘‘first-line’’ test.

A

Open test

29
Q

CUS may be divided into two categories on the basis of pathophysiological
mechanisms:

A

nonimmunological and immunological

30
Q

There are also ______ that act by an uncertain mechanism

A

urticariogens

31
Q

is the most common class of CUS. The reaction usually remains localized

A

Nonimmunological Contact Urticaria

32
Q

Examples of cosmetic substances known to produce NICU are _______

A

preservatives (e.g., benzoic acid and sorbic acid) and fragrances(e.g., cinnamic aldehyde)

33
Q

These are immediate (Type I) allergic reactions in people who have previously been sensitized to the causative agent

A

Immunological Contact Urticaria

34
Q

is IgE mediated and is more common in atopic individuals. Foodsubstances are common causes of ____

A

Immunological Contact Urticaria

35
Q

This refers to the capacity of some agents to cause acne or aggravate existing acne lesions

A

ACNEGENICITY

36
Q

ACNEGENICITY may be subdivided to include

A

comedogenicity and pustulogenicity

37
Q

This is the capability of an agent to cause hyper keratinous impactions in the sebaceous follicle, or the formation of microcomedones, usually in relatively short period of time

A

Comedogenicity

38
Q

This refers to the capability of an agent to cause inflammatory papules and pustules, usually in a relatively short period of time

A

Pustulogenicity

39
Q

Factors Contributing to Contact Allergic Reactions to a Cosmetic Product

A

Frequency of Use
 Composition
 Concentration of Ingredients
 Purity of Ingredients
 The Common Use of Cosmetic Ingredients in Pharmaceuticals
 Cross-Sensitivity
 Penetration-Enhancing Substances
 Application Site
 Condition of the Skin
 Contact Time

MIDTERMS (8 decks)

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