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EAWS > Phase 1: Block 2 - First Aid > Flashcards

Phase 1: Block 2 - First Aid Flashcards

0
Q

What are the eight main categories of First Aid?

A

Bleeding, Burns, Fractures, Electric Shock, Obstructed Airways, Heat Related Injuries, Cold Related Injuries and Shock.

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1
Q

What are the three objectives of First Aid?

A

To prevent further injury, infection and loss of life.

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2
Q

What are the four methods used to control bleeding?

A

Direct Pressure, Elevation, Pressure Points and a Tourniquet.

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3
Q

Which of the four bleeding control methods is used only as a last resort?

A

A Tourniquet.

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4
Q

What is a Pressure Point?

A

A point on the body where a main artery lies near the skin surface and over a bone.

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5
Q

How can blood flow to different parts of the body be reduced or stopped?

A

By applying pressure with the fingers or heel of the hand to various pressure points.

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6
Q

How many Principle Pressure Points exist on each side of the body?

A

Eleven

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7
Q

Where on each side of the body are each of the Principle Pressure Points located?

A

Temple, jaw, neck, collar bone, inner upper arm, inner elbow, wrist, upper thigh, groin, knee and ankle.

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8
Q

What is the name of the Pressure Point located in the Temple?

A

Superficial Temporal Artery

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9
Q

What is the name of the Pressure Point located in the jaw?

A

Facial Artery

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10
Q

What is the name of the Pressure Point located in the neck?

A

Common Carotid Artery

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11
Q

What is the name of the Pressure Point located in the Collar Bone?

A

Subclavian Artery

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12
Q

What is the name of the Pressure Point located in the Inner Upper Arm/ Inner Elbow?

A

Brachial Artery

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13
Q

What is the name of the Pressure Point located in the Wrist?

A

Radial/Ulnar Artery

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14
Q

What is the name of the Pressure Point located in the Upper Thigh?

A

Femoral Artery

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15
Q

What is the name of the Pressure Point located in the Groin?

A

Iliac Artery

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16
Q

What is the name of the Pressure Point located in the Knee?

A

Popliteal Artery

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17
Q

What is the name of the Pressure Point located in the Ankle?

A

Anterior/Posterior Tibial Artery

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18
Q

What are the 3 classifications of Burns?

A

First, Second and Third degree.

19
Q

Describe a first degree burn.

A

Produces redness, warmth and mild pain.

20
Q

Describe a second degree burn.

A

Causes red, blistered skin and severe pain.

21
Q

Describe a third degree burn.

A

Destroys tissue, skin and in severe cases bone. Pain may be absent due to destroyed nerve endings.

22
Q

What are the two types of fractures?

A

Closed/ Simple and Open/ Compound.

23
Q

Describe a Closed/ Simple fracture.

A

Broken bone without a break in the skin.

24
Q

Describe an Open/ Compound fracture.

A

Broken bone with a break in the skin and possible bone protrusion.

25
Q

When does electric shock occur?

A

When a person comes into contact with an electric energy source.

26
Q

What range of injuries can result from electric shock?

A

Little or no injury to severe trauma and associated cardiac arrest.

27
Q

What two variables dictate the various causes of airway obstruction.

A

Age and situation.

28
Q

What are the indications of airway obstruction?

A

Inability to speak, grasping and pointing to the throat, exaggerated breathing efforts and skin turning a bluish color.

29
Q

What are the two types of heat related injuries?

A

Heat exhaustion and heat stroke.

30
Q

What can Heat Exhaustion cause?

A

A serious disturbance of blood flow to the brian, heart and lungs.

31
Q

What are the symptoms of heat exhaustion?

A

Cool, moist, clammy skin, dilated pupils, normal to high body temperature and profuse sweating.

32
Q

What is Heat Stroke?

A

A condition caused by a breakdown of the body’s sweating mechanism. Preventing the elimination of excessive body heat build up.

33
Q

What are the symptoms of a Heat Stroke?

A

Hot and/ or dry skin, uneven pupil dilation and a weak rapid pulse.

34
Q

What are the three types of cold weather injuries?

A

Hypothermia, Superficial and Deep Frostbite.

35
Q

What is Hypothermia?

A

A general cooling of the whole body caused by exposure to low or rapidly falling temperatures, cold moisture, snow or ice.

36
Q

What are the symptoms of Hypothermia?

A

The victim may appear pale and unconscious, possibly even mistaken as dead. Breathing will be slow and shallow, pulse faint or even undetectable. Body tissues will also feel semi-rigid, and the arms and legs stiff.

37
Q

What is Superficial Frostbite?

A

When ice crystals form in the the upper skin layers after exposure to a temperature of 32 degrees or lower.

38
Q

What is Deep Frostbite?

A

When ice crystals form in deeper tissues after exposure to a temperature of 32 degrees or lower.

39
Q

What is shock?

A

A life threatening medical condition ware by the body suffers from insufficient blood flow throughout the body as a result of severe injury or illness.

40
Q

What are the different types of shock?

A

Septic, Anaphylactic, Cardiogenic, Hypovolemic and Neurogenic Shock.

41
Q

What causes Septic Shock?

A

Bacteria multiplying in the blood and releasing toxins. Ex: Pneumonia, intra-abdominal infection (ruptured appendix) and Meningitis.

42
Q

What causes Anaphylactic Shock?

A

Severe hypersensitivity or an allergic reaction. Ex. Allergy/ reaction to insect stings, medications or foods (nuts, berries, seafood) ect.

43
Q

What causes Cardiogenic Shock?

A

Damage to the heart. Making it unable to supply enough blood to the body. Ex. A heart attack or congestive heart failure.

44
Q

What causes Hypovolemic Shock?

A

Severe blood and fluid loss. Making the heart unable to supply enough blood to the body. Ex: Traumatic bodily injury.

45
Q

What causes Neurogenic Shock?

A

Spinal Cord injury. Ex: Traumatic accident or injury.

EAWS (11 decks)

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