Phase 1: Block 2 - First Aid Flashcards
What are the eight main categories of First Aid?
Bleeding, Burns, Fractures, Electric Shock, Obstructed Airways, Heat Related Injuries, Cold Related Injuries and Shock.
What are the three objectives of First Aid?
To prevent further injury, infection and loss of life.
What are the four methods used to control bleeding?
Direct Pressure, Elevation, Pressure Points and a Tourniquet.
Which of the four bleeding control methods is used only as a last resort?
A Tourniquet.
What is a Pressure Point?
A point on the body where a main artery lies near the skin surface and over a bone.
How can blood flow to different parts of the body be reduced or stopped?
By applying pressure with the fingers or heel of the hand to various pressure points.
How many Principle Pressure Points exist on each side of the body?
Eleven
Where on each side of the body are each of the Principle Pressure Points located?
Temple, jaw, neck, collar bone, inner upper arm, inner elbow, wrist, upper thigh, groin, knee and ankle.
What is the name of the Pressure Point located in the Temple?
Superficial Temporal Artery
What is the name of the Pressure Point located in the jaw?
Facial Artery
What is the name of the Pressure Point located in the neck?
Common Carotid Artery
What is the name of the Pressure Point located in the Collar Bone?
Subclavian Artery
What is the name of the Pressure Point located in the Inner Upper Arm/ Inner Elbow?
Brachial Artery
What is the name of the Pressure Point located in the Wrist?
Radial/Ulnar Artery
What is the name of the Pressure Point located in the Upper Thigh?
Femoral Artery
What is the name of the Pressure Point located in the Groin?
Iliac Artery
What is the name of the Pressure Point located in the Knee?
Popliteal Artery
What is the name of the Pressure Point located in the Ankle?
Anterior/Posterior Tibial Artery
What are the 3 classifications of Burns?
First, Second and Third degree.
Describe a first degree burn.
Produces redness, warmth and mild pain.
Describe a second degree burn.
Causes red, blistered skin and severe pain.
Describe a third degree burn.
Destroys tissue, skin and in severe cases bone. Pain may be absent due to destroyed nerve endings.
What are the two types of fractures?
Closed/ Simple and Open/ Compound.
Describe a Closed/ Simple fracture.
Broken bone without a break in the skin.
Describe an Open/ Compound fracture.
Broken bone with a break in the skin and possible bone protrusion.
When does electric shock occur?
When a person comes into contact with an electric energy source.
What range of injuries can result from electric shock?
Little or no injury to severe trauma and associated cardiac arrest.
What two variables dictate the various causes of airway obstruction.
Age and situation.
What are the indications of airway obstruction?
Inability to speak, grasping and pointing to the throat, exaggerated breathing efforts and skin turning a bluish color.
What are the two types of heat related injuries?
Heat exhaustion and heat stroke.
What can Heat Exhaustion cause?
A serious disturbance of blood flow to the brian, heart and lungs.
What are the symptoms of heat exhaustion?
Cool, moist, clammy skin, dilated pupils, normal to high body temperature and profuse sweating.
What is Heat Stroke?
A condition caused by a breakdown of the body’s sweating mechanism. Preventing the elimination of excessive body heat build up.
What are the symptoms of a Heat Stroke?
Hot and/ or dry skin, uneven pupil dilation and a weak rapid pulse.
What are the three types of cold weather injuries?
Hypothermia, Superficial and Deep Frostbite.
What is Hypothermia?
A general cooling of the whole body caused by exposure to low or rapidly falling temperatures, cold moisture, snow or ice.
What are the symptoms of Hypothermia?
The victim may appear pale and unconscious, possibly even mistaken as dead. Breathing will be slow and shallow, pulse faint or even undetectable. Body tissues will also feel semi-rigid, and the arms and legs stiff.
What is Superficial Frostbite?
When ice crystals form in the the upper skin layers after exposure to a temperature of 32 degrees or lower.
What is Deep Frostbite?
When ice crystals form in deeper tissues after exposure to a temperature of 32 degrees or lower.
What is shock?
A life threatening medical condition ware by the body suffers from insufficient blood flow throughout the body as a result of severe injury or illness.
What are the different types of shock?
Septic, Anaphylactic, Cardiogenic, Hypovolemic and Neurogenic Shock.
What causes Septic Shock?
Bacteria multiplying in the blood and releasing toxins. Ex: Pneumonia, intra-abdominal infection (ruptured appendix) and Meningitis.
What causes Anaphylactic Shock?
Severe hypersensitivity or an allergic reaction. Ex. Allergy/ reaction to insect stings, medications or foods (nuts, berries, seafood) ect.
What causes Cardiogenic Shock?
Damage to the heart. Making it unable to supply enough blood to the body. Ex. A heart attack or congestive heart failure.
What causes Hypovolemic Shock?
Severe blood and fluid loss. Making the heart unable to supply enough blood to the body. Ex: Traumatic bodily injury.
What causes Neurogenic Shock?
Spinal Cord injury. Ex: Traumatic accident or injury.
