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Clinical Anatomy > Pharynx, Nose, & Paranasal Sinuses > Flashcards

Pharynx, Nose, & Paranasal Sinuses Flashcards

1
Q

What nerve makes you cry + what structure does it innervate?

A
  • CN VII

- Lacrimal gland

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2
Q

What opens under the inferior concha?

A

Nasolacrimal duct

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3
Q

What opens under the middle concha?

A
  • Maxillary sinus
  • Ethmoidal air cells (anterior + middle)
  • Frontal sinus
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4
Q

What opens under the superior concha?

A

Opening of posterior ethmoidal air cells

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5
Q

Semilunar hiatus

A

Opening of maxillary sinus

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6
Q

Ethmoidal bulla

A
  • Largest anterior ethmoid air cell

- Forms posterior + superior walls of ethmoid infundibulum + hiatus semilunaris

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7
Q

When opens above the superior concha?

A

Opening of sphenoidal sinus

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8
Q

What provides sensory innervation to the paranasal sinuses?

A

Ophthalmic + maxillary branches of trigeminal nerve (CN V1 + CN V2)

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9
Q

Where is the opening of the Eustachian/auditory/ pharyngotympanic tube?

A
  • Nasopharynx

- In between the salpingopharyngeal fold (posterior) + salpingopalatine fold (anterior)

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10
Q

What makes up the arches of the palate?

A
  • Palatoglossal muscle

- Palatopharyngeal muscle

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11
Q

How are the arches of the palate oriented?

A

Palatoglossal arch anterior to palatopharyngeal arch

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12
Q

Where are the palatine tonsils located?

A

In between palatoglossal arch + palatopharyngeal arch

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13
Q

What nerve innervates the palate?

A

Greater + lesser palatine nerves (CN V2)

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14
Q

Where do the greater + lesser palatine nerves originate from?

A

Infraorbital nerve –> maxillary nerve –> trigeminal nerve (CN V2)

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15
Q

What 2 muscles act on the palate + what are their functions?

A

Palatini “Brothers”

1) Levator veli palatini - elevate palate
2) Tensor veli palatini - tense palate

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16
Q

Innervation of levator veli palatini

A

CN V3

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17
Q

Innervation of tensor veli palatini

A

CN X

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18
Q

What nerve is injured is taste sensation changes in

anterior 2/3 of tongue?

A

Lingual nerve –> chorda tympani –> CN VII

19
Q

What nerve is injured if general sensation changes in anterior 2/3 of tongue?

A

CN V3 (mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve)

20
Q

Where does the lingual nerve originate from?

A

Chorda tympani –> CN VII (facial nerve)

21
Q

What nerve is injured if general sensation changes in posterior 1/3 of tongue?

A

CN IX (glossopharyngeal)

22
Q

What nerve is injured if taste sensation changes in posterior 1/3 of tongue?

A

CN IX (glossopharyngeal)

23
Q

What muscle makes up the majority of the tongue?

A

Genioglossus muscle

24
Q

What nerve is injured if movement of the tongue changes?

A

CN XII (hypoglossal)

25
Q

At what spine level is the epiglottis?

A

C4 (upper boundary of hypopharynx)

26
Q

At what spine level is the cricoid cartilage?

A

C6 (lower boundary of hypopharynx)

27
Q

3 parts of pharynx

A

1) Nasopharynx
2) Oropharynx
3) Hypopharynx/laryngopharynx

28
Q

Vallecula

A
  • Potential paired spaces seen anterior to epiglottis

- Contains mainly lymphoid or glandular tissues

29
Q

Choana

A

Opening to nasal cavity

30
Q

Isthmus faucium

A

Opening to oral cavity

31
Q

Torus (tubarius) of pharyngotympanic tube

A

Bulging formed by cartilaginous aspect of the Eustachian tube

32
Q

What structure delineates the nasopharynx?

A

Border at tip of soft palate

33
Q

What structure delineates the hypopharynx?

A

Border at epiglottis

34
Q

Tubal tonsil

A
  • Lymphoid tissue around opening of Eustachian tube

- Form lateral aspect of Waldeyer’s ring

35
Q

What are the components of Waldeyer’s Tonsillar Ring?

A
  • Pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)
  • Tubal tonsils
  • Palatine tonsils
  • Lingual tonsils
36
Q

Pharyngeal tonsils

A

Most superior aka “adenoids”

37
Q

3 levator muscles of pharynx

A

1) Salpingopharyngeus muscle
2) Palatopharyngeus muscle
3) Stylopharyngeus muscle

38
Q

Palatoglossus muscle

A

Elevates tongue

39
Q

3 constrictor muscles of pharynx

A

1) Superior pharyngeal constrictor
2) Middle pharyngeal constrictor
3) Inferior pharyngeal constrictor

40
Q

Stylopharyngeus muscle innervation

A

CN IX

41
Q

Which muscle does Zenker’s diverticulum usually involve?

A
  • Inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle

- Weak area between two parts: thyropharyngeus + cricopharyngeus

42
Q

Motor innervation of pharynx

A
  • Stylopharyngeus = CN IX

- Remainder = CN X

43
Q

Sensory innervation of pharynx

A
  • CN IX
  • CN V2 = anterior + superior aspect of nasopharynx
  • Internal branch of CN X = inferior aspect of laryngopharynx (surrounding the beginning of the larynx)

Clinical Anatomy (25 decks)

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