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Clinical Anatomy > Abdominopelvic & Peritoneal Cavities, Stomach, Duodenum, Celiac Trunk > Flashcards

Abdominopelvic & Peritoneal Cavities, Stomach, Duodenum, Celiac Trunk Flashcards

1
Q

Intraperitoneal vs retroperitoneal

A

Intraperitoneal:

  • Mesentery present
  • Suspended + mobile

Retroperitoneal:

  • No mesentery
  • Fixed to posterior abdominal wall
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2
Q

Where can ascites develop?

A

Peritoneal cavity

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3
Q

What is located in the peritoneal cavity?

A

NO ORGANS (except some fluid)

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4
Q

Name the 9 abdominal regions

A
  • Right hypochondriac
  • Epigastric
  • Left hypochondriac
  • Right lumbar
  • Umbilical
  • Left lumbar
  • Right iliac
  • Suprapubic
  • Left iliac
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5
Q

Subcostal

A

At level of last costal cartilages

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6
Q

Transtubercular

A

Across levels of iliac tubercles

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7
Q

What is the function of the greater omentum?

A
  • Walls off any sort of inflammation that may arise within peritoneum
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8
Q

Where is the greater omentum located?

A
  • Anchors onto the greater curvature of the stomach + to ascending, transverse, and descending colon
  • Acts like an apron draped over duodenum + jejunum
    + some of ileum (some loops are exposed)
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9
Q

Mesentery

A

Double fold of peritoneum that attaches organs to abdominal wall

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10
Q

Abdominal ligament

A

Double fold of peritoneum that attaches organs together

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11
Q

Secondary retroperitoneal abdominal organs

A

Ascending colon and descending colon

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12
Q

Hepatic flexure

A

Colon flexure on the right

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13
Q

Splenic flexure

A

Colon flexure on the left

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14
Q

Is the rectum intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?

A

Retroperitoneal

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15
Q

What are the peritoneal layers attached to the colon called?

A

Mesocolon

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16
Q

What are the ligaments of the greater omentum?

A
  • Gastrophrenic
  • Gastrosplenic
  • Gastrocolic
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17
Q

Where will fluid accumulate if a patient with ascites lays supine?

A

Morrison’s pouch (hepatorenal recess)

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18
Q

What marks the entrance to the omental bursa?

A

Omental/epiploic foramen (of Winslow)

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19
Q

What are the ligaments of the lesser omentum?

A
  • Hepatoduodenal ligament
  • Hepatogastric ligament
  • Hepatoesophageal ligament
20
Q

Where is the omental bursa/lesser sac situated?

A

In between stomach + pancreas

21
Q

What part of the duodenum is intraperitoneal?

A

1st part, rest is retroperitoneal

22
Q

Is the pancreas intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?

A
  • Body is secondary retroperitoneal
23
Q

What is the Pringle maneuver?

A

Clip off portal triad (hepatoduodenal ligament) to minimize blood loss during liver surgery

24
Q

What are the 4 parts of the duodenum?

A

1) Superior
2) Descending
3) Horizontal
4) Ascending

25
Q

What marks the transition spot between duodenum + jejunum?

A

Duodenojejunal flexure (ligament of Treitz)

26
Q

What is in close proximity to the C-shaped loop of the duodenum?

A

Head of the pancreas

27
Q

3 main branches off the celiac trunk

A

1) Left gastric artery (left superiorly)
2) Splenic artery (left inferiorly)
3) Common hepatic artery (right)

28
Q

What does the left gastric artery supply?

A

Lesser curvature of the stomach

29
Q

What branches arise from the common hepatic artery?

A

Proper hepatic artery

Gastroduodenal artery

30
Q

What does the right gastric artery supply?

A

Lesser curvature of the stomach

31
Q

What branches arise from the splenic artery?

A
  • Left gastro-omental artery
  • Short gastric arteries
  • Great pancreatic artery
32
Q

What do the gastro-omental arteries supply?

A

Greater curvature of the stomach

33
Q

What branches arise from the proper hepatic artery?

A
  • Right gastric artery

- Right + left hepatic arteries

34
Q

What branches arise from the gastroduodenal artery?

A
  • Supraduodenal

- Superior pancreaticoduodenal (splits into anterior + posterior)

35
Q

Where does the celiac trunk arise from the aorta?

A
  • Above the pancreas

- Level of T12/L1

36
Q

What branches arise from the right hepatic artery?

A

Cystic artery (to gallbladder)

37
Q

Where can the cystic artery be found/what area is important to assess during cholecystectomy?

A

Calot’s triangle

38
Q

Name the important anastomoses in the abdominal arteries

A
  • Gastro-omental (right + left)
  • Gastric (right + left)
  • Pancreaticoduodenal (superior + inferior)
39
Q

What pathology of the duodenum can cause a patient to present with hematemesis?

A
  • Duodenal ulcer that has eaten though the GastroDuodenal Artery (Gosh Darn Artery)
40
Q

Functions of the spleen

A
  • Destroy old RBCs

- Contains WBCs

41
Q

Where does the esophagus pass through the diaphragm + enter the abdominal cavity?

A

T10

42
Q

Walk through path of the esophagus down the thoracic cavity and into the abdominal cavity

A
  • Descends from superior mediastinum
  • Posterior + to right of aortic arch, behind pericardium + left atrium, left main bronchus
  • Deviates to left + passes through diaphragm at T10, anterior to aorta
  • Vagal trunks travel along anterior + posterior surfaces (left anterior, right posterior)
43
Q

Lower esophageal sphincter (LES)

A

Musculatureofthegastroesophagealjunctionthatistonically
activeexceptduringswallowing

44
Q

Two common pathologies of LES

A
  • Scleroderma

- Achalasia

45
Q

Scleroderma

A
  • Infiltrative condition that destroys muscle
  • Missing normal sphincter tone
  • Results in significant acid reflux
46
Q

Achalasia

A
  • Lacks neural message to dilate
  • Empties food poorly into stomach
  • Results in dilated esophagus

Clinical Anatomy (25 decks)

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