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Clinical Anatomy > Extensors of Forearm & Wrist > Flashcards

Extensors of Forearm & Wrist Flashcards

1
Q

What 3 muscles extend the wrist?

A

1) Extensor carpi radialis longus
2) Extensor carpi radialis brevis
3) Extensor carpi ulnaris

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2
Q

What 3 muscles extend the digits (except thumb)?

A

1) Extensor digitorum
2) Extensor indicis
3) Extensor digiti minimi

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3
Q

What 3 muscles extend the thumb?

A

1) Abductor pollicus longus
2) Extensor pollicus longus
3) Extensor pollicus brevis

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4
Q

What is the most commonly fractured carpal bone?

A

Scaphoid

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5
Q

What extends the IP joints (DIP + PIP)?

A

Extensor tendon

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6
Q

What muscles extend the MCP joints?

A

Extensor digitorum

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7
Q

What muscle is part of the extensor/supinator compartment but actually functions as an elbow flexor?

A

Brachioradialis

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8
Q

What is the common attachment site for the superficial forearm extensor muscles?

A

Lateral epicondyle

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9
Q

What are the 6 superficial extensor muscles?

A

1) Brachioradialis
2) Extensor carpi radialis longus
3) Extensor carpi radialis brevis
4) Extensor carpi ulnaris
5) Extensor digitorum
6) Extensor digiti minimi

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10
Q

What are the 5 deep extensor muscles?

A

1) Supinator
2) Abductor pollicis longus
3) Extensor pollicis brevis
4) Extensor pollicis longus
5) Extensor indicis

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11
Q

Brachioradialis (origin + insertion)

A

Origin:
- Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

Insertion:
- Lateral surface of distal end of radius

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12
Q

Brachioradialis (function + innervation)

A

Function:

1) Flex FA
2) Pronate/supinate

Innervation: 
Radial nerve (C6) (C5, C7)
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13
Q

Supinator (origin + insertion)

A

Origin:
-Lateral epicondyle of humerus, radial collateral and annular ligaments, supinator fossa, crest of ulna

Insertion:
- Lateral, posterior and anterior surfaces of radius

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14
Q

Supinator (function + innervation)

A

Function:
- Supinate FA

Innervation: 
Radial nerve (C6) (C5)
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15
Q

What nerve is the continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve?

A

Posterior interosseous nerve (PIN)

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16
Q

Posterior interosseous nerve (PIN)

A

Continuation of deep branch of radial nerve

  • Runs in between superficial + deep parts of supinator
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17
Q

What fascia holds all the extensor tendons?

A

Extensor retinaculum

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18
Q

Name all extensor tendon compartments (+ contents)

A

1) Extensor pollicus brevis + abductor pollicus longus
2) Extensor carpi radialis longus + extensor carpi radialis brevis
3) Extensor pollicus longus
4) Extensor digitorum + extensor indicis
5) Extensor digiti minimi
6) Extensor carpi ulnaris

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19
Q

What are the contents of the anatomical snuffbox?

A

1) Radial artery (superficial)
2) Scaphoid bone (deep)
3) Superficial radial nerve (“roof”)

20
Q

What are the boundaries of the anatomical snuffbox?

A

Extensor pollicus longus (medial)
Extensor pollicus brevis (lateral)

*Abductor pollicus longus lies more lateral to EPB

21
Q

What nerve innervates the palmar + dorsal interossous muscles?

A

Ulnar nerve

22
Q

What muscles attach to the dorsal “hood”?

A

1) Extensor digitorum
2) Lumbricals
3) Palmar interosseous
4) Dorsal interosseous

23
Q

What nerve innervates all the extensor muscles?

A

Radial nerve

24
Q

What bony structure does extensor pollicis longus loop around to angle towards the thumb?

A

Lister’s tubercle (dorsal tubercle) of radius

25
Q

Where do the lumbricals originate from?

A

Tendons of flexor digitorum profundus

26
Q

Brachioradialis (origin + insertion)

A

Origin:
-Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

Insertion:
-Lateral surface of distal end of radius

27
Q

Brachioradialis (function + innervation)

A

Function:

  • Flex forearm
  • Pronate/supinate

Innervation:
- Radial nerve (C6) (C5,C7)

28
Q

Supinator (origin + insertion)

A

Origin:

  • Lateral epicondyle of humerus
  • Radial collateral and annular ligaments
  • Supinator fossa
  • Crest of ulna

Insertion:
- Lateral, posterior and anterior surfaces of radius

29
Q

Supinator (function + innervation)

A

Function:
- Supinate forearm

Innervation:
- Radial nerve (C6) (C5)

30
Q

Which nerve runs in between the superficial + deep parts of the supinator muscle?

A

Radial nerve

31
Q

What branches does the radial nerve give off around the region of the lateral epicondyle?

A

1) Superficial branch of radial nerve
2) Posterior interosseous nerve (PIN)
* Also known as deep branch of radial nerve

32
Q

Which muscle extends the MCP joints?

A

Extensor digitorum

33
Q

Which muscles extend the DIP + PIP joints?

A

Extensor tendon facilitated mainly by lumbrical muscles

34
Q

What symptom typically presents due to extensor tendon injury?

A

Mallet finger

35
Q

Mallet finger

A
  • Due to rupture/avulsion of extensor tendon
  • Finger presents in flexed state
  • Unable to extend finger
36
Q

What separates the ulna bone from the carpal bones?

A

Triangular fibrocartilage complexx (TFCC)

37
Q

What are the carpal bones bordered by laterally + medially?

A

Radial + ulnar collateral ligaments

38
Q

What kind of a joint if the CMC joint of the thumb?

A

Saddle joint

39
Q

What muscles flex the hand at the wrist?

A

1) Flexor carpi radialist
2) Flexor carpi ulnaris
3) Palmaris longus

40
Q

Which muscles flex the digits?

A

1) Flexor digitorum superficialis
2) Flexor digitorum profundus
3) Flexor pollicis longus

41
Q

What muscles extend the hand at the wrist?

A

1) Flexor carpi radialis longus
2) Flexor carpi radialis brevis
3) Flexor carpi ulnaris

42
Q

Which muscles extend the digits (except the thumb)?

A

1) Extensor digitorum
2) Extensor indicis
3) Extensor digiti minimi

43
Q

Which muscles extend the thumb?

A

1) Abductor pollicis longus
2) Extensor pollicis brevis
3) Extensor pollicis longus

44
Q

Which muscles rotate the radius on the ulna?

A

1) Pronator teres
2) Pronator quadratus
3) Supinator

45
Q

Which muscle is actually a stronger supinator than the supinator muscle?

A

Biceps brachii

Clinical Anatomy (25 decks)

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