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Head and Neck > Pharynx/Larynx > Flashcards

Pharynx/Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

pharynx extends from:

A

cranial base to C6

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2
Q

lateral attachments of pharynx

A

part 1 at posterior edge of medial ptergyoid plate, part 2 at inferior portion of stylohyoid ligament, and part 3 at thyroid cartilage

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3
Q

buccopharyngeal fascia

A

thin layer surrounding outside of pharynx and is a component of pretracheal fascia

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4
Q

pharyngobasilar fascia

A

much thicker layer lining internal surface and found between cranial base and superior constrictor muscle

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5
Q

constrictor muscle innervation:

A

vagus

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6
Q

palatopharyngeal sphincter

A

special band of muscle blending with superior constrictor fibers

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7
Q

cricopharyngeus

A

part of inferior constrictor muscle

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8
Q

longitudinal muscle innervation:

A

vagus nerve except for sylopharyngeus which is by glossopharyngeal nerve

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9
Q

valleculae

A

pair of mucosal pouches in laryngopharynx between median and lateral glossopepiglottic folds

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10
Q

arterial supply to upper pharynx:

A

branches of ECA: ascending pharyngeal, ascending palatine and tonsillar branches of facial, and numerous branches of lingual and maxillary

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11
Q

arterial supply to lower pharynx:

A

pharyngeal branches from inferior thyroid artery of thyrocervical trunk from subclavian artery

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12
Q

venous drainage of pharynx:

A

superiorly to pterygoid plexus or inferiorly to facial and internal jugular veins

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13
Q

lymph drainage of pharynx

A

to deep cervical nodes

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14
Q

tonsils drain to:

A

deep cervical nodes, primarily the jugulodigastric nodes

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15
Q

what nerve is vulnerable to injury during tonsillectomy?

A

glossopharyngeal nerve

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16
Q

adenoiditis

A

inflammation of pharyngeal tonsils

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17
Q

otitis media

A

infection of middle ear caused by spread of adenoiditis

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18
Q

pharyngeal plexus

A

formed by branches of vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves; privides motor and most sensory to the pharynx

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19
Q

pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve:

A

motor to pharynx and sensory to laryngopharynx

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20
Q

glossopharyngeal nerve:

A

motor to stylopharyngus and sensory to oropharynx

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21
Q

sensory to nasopharynx from:

A

pharyngeal branch of maxillary nerve

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22
Q

larynx is in anterior neck at vertebral level:

A

C3-C6

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23
Q

unpaired laryngeal cartilages:

A

cricoid, thryoid, and epiglottis

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24
Q

epiglottis

A

prevents food from entering trachea during swallowing

25
Q

thyroid cartilage

A

2 broad lamina jointed by laryngeal prominence; superior and inferior thyroid notch and cornua

26
Q

cricoid cartilage

A

most inferior, completely encircles airway

27
Q

paired laryngeal cartilages:

A

arytenoid, corniculate, and cuneiform

28
Q

arytenoid cartilages

A

pyramid-shaped; muscular and vocal process

29
Q

extrinsic laryngeal ligaments

A

thyrohyoid membrane, hyo-epiglottic membrane, and cricotracheal ligament

30
Q

intrinsic laryngeal ligaments

A

fibro-elastic memrbane, quadrangular membrane, and conus elasticus

31
Q

true vocal cord

A

conus elasticus

32
Q

false vocal cord

A

quadrangular membrane

33
Q

cricothyroid joint allows:

A

thyroid cartilage to move forward and tilt downward, lengthening and putting tension on vocal ligaments

34
Q

crico-arytenoid joint allows:

A

abduction and adduction of vocal ligaments for vocal processes

35
Q

vestibule of laryngeal cavity

A

upper chamber between laryngeal inlet and vestibular folds

36
Q

middle part of laryngeal cavity

A

between vestibular and vocal folds

37
Q

infraglottic space of laryngeal cavity:

A

inferior chamber located between vocal folds and cricotracheal ligament

38
Q

rima vestibuli

A

opening between vestibular folds with little to no role in voice production; protective role

39
Q

rima glottidis

A

inferior to rima vestibuli; separates middle from infraepiglottic space; formed by vocal folds and arytenoid cartilages

40
Q

intrinsic laryngeal muscles are innervated by:

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve except for cricothyroid which is by external laryngeal nerve (vagus)

41
Q

cricothyroid action

A

stretch and tenses vocal ligament to increase pitch of voice

42
Q

posterior crico-arytenoid function

A

opens vocal folds

43
Q

lateral crico-arytenoid function

A

closes vocal folds

44
Q

transverse arytenoid action

A

closes inlet and vocal folds

45
Q

oblique arytenoid action

A

closes inlet

46
Q

thyro-arytenoid action

A

closes inlet and relaxes vocal ligaments decreasing pitch of voice

47
Q

vocalis action

A

adjusts tension in vocal folds

48
Q

what muscles tighten vocal folds:

A

cricothyroid and vocalis

49
Q

what muscles adduct the vocal folds

A

thyroarytenoid and transverse arytenoid

50
Q

what muscles abduct vocal folds

A

posterior cricoarytenoid

51
Q

what muscles adduct vocal folds

A

lateral cricoarytenoid

52
Q

superior laryngeal artery

A

branch from superior thyroid artery; pierces thyrohyoid membrane and supplies larynx above vocal folds

53
Q

inferior laryngeal artery

A

branch from inferior thyroid branch of thyrocervical trunk; runs with recurrent laryngeal nerve and supplies larynx below vocal folds

54
Q

superior laryngeal vein drains into:

A

superior thyroid vein then IJV

55
Q

inferior laryngeal vein drains into:

A

inferior thyroid vein then left brachiocephalic vein

56
Q

internal laryngeal nerve

A

sensory above vocal folds

57
Q

external laryngeal nerve

A

motor to cricothyroid

58
Q

inferior laryngeal nerve

A

sensory below vocal folds and motor to all intrinsic muscles except cricothyroid

Head and Neck (8 decks)

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