Face and Scalp Flashcards
scalp layers:
skin, CT, aponeurotic layer, loose CT, pericranium
frontal belly of occipitofrontalis attaches to the:
epicranial aponeurosis, skin, and subcutaneous tissue of forehead and eyebrows
frontal belly of occipitofrontalis acts to:
elevate eyebrows and wrinkle skin on forehead by protracting scalp
occipital belly of occipitofrontalis attaches to:
epicranial aponeurosis and lateral 2/3 of superior nuchal line
occipital belly of occipitofrontalis acts to:
retract scalp
actions of the auricular muscles
anterior auricular draws ear upward and forward, superior auricular elevates ear, and posterior auricular draws ear upward and backward
corrugator supercilii functions to:
draws eyebrow medially and inferiorly (concern or worry)
the palpebral part of the orbicularis oculi functions to:
gently close eyelids
the orbital part of the orbicularis oculi functions to:
tightly close eyelids
the procerus functions to:
produce transverse wrinkles over bridge of nose
the depressor septi nasi functions to:
pull nose inferiorly
the nasalis functions to:
compress nasal aperture and flare nostrils
the levator labii superioris alaeque nasi functions to:
raise upper lip and open nostril
zygomaticus major functions to:
draw corner of mouth upward and laterally (smile)
zygomaticus minor functions to:
draw upper lip upward
zygomaticus major position compared to minor?
inferior
risorius functions to:
retract corner of mouth (grin)
levator labii superioris functions to:
raise upper lip
depressor labii inferioris functions to:
draw lower lip down
mentalis functions to:
raise and protrude lower lip
orbicularis oris functions to:
close and protrude lips
buccinator functions to:
compress cheek
what are the 5 terminal branches of the facial nerve?
temporal, zygomatic, buccal, marginal mandibular, cervical
Bell’s palsy
paralysis of some or all facial muscles on affected side; eyelids will evert disrupting the spread of lacrimal fluid over the cornea preventing adequate lubrication
cutaneous branches of V1:
supraorbital, supratrochlear, infratrochlear, external nasal, and lacrimal
cutaneous branches of V2:
zygomaticotermporal, zygomaticofacial, and infraorbital
cutaneous branches of V3:
auriculotemporal, buccal, and mental
trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux)
disorder of sensory root of CN V characterized by sudden attacks of excruciating, lightning-like jabs of facial pain; demyelination of axons in the sensory root occurs; treatment includes injecting alcohol at site where nerve emerges onto face or ligating the infraorbital nerve
superficial arteries of the face include:
facial artery and branches, transverse facial, mental, supraorbital, and supratrochlear
branches of facial artery in superficial face:
inferior and superior labial, lateral nasal, and angular
tributaries of facial vein:
deep facial, angular, and retromandibular
facial vein drains into:
IJV
angular vein communicates with:
superior ophthalmic vein which drains to cavernous sinus
deep facial vein drains:
pterygoid plexus
superficial vasculature of the scalp:
occipital, posterior auricular, and superficial temporal from ECA; supraorbital and supratrochlear from ophthalmic (ICA)
arteries of the scalp course within:
dense CT layer
boundaries of the parotid region:
zygomatic arch to external ear to mandibular ramus to anterior massester to angle inferior mandible
major contents of parotid region:
parotid gland and duct, parotid plexus of facial nerve, ECA, retromandibular vein, and masseter
parotid duct pierces the:
buccinator
parotid duct enters oral cavity through:
a small orifice opposite the 2nd maxillary molar
what is embedded within the parotid gland from superficial to deep?
parotid plexus of facial nerve, retromandibular vein, and ECA
PNS to the parotid gland:
glossopharyngeal nerve sends fibers to otic ganglion which sends fibers via auriculotemporal nerve
SNS to the parotid gland:
fibers from the external carotid nerve plexus
facial pulse:
facial artery can be palpated as it crosses the inferior border of the mandible immediately adjacent to the anterior masseter
temporal pulse:
the superficial temporal artery can be palpated anterior to the ear and immediately posterosuperior to the position of the TMJ; the anterior branch of the superficial temporal artery can be palpated posterior to the zygomatic process of the frontal bone
lymph from face and scalp drain into the superficial ring of LNs at the junction of the head and neck:
occipital, mastoid, parotid, submandibular, and submental
occipital LNs drain the:
posterior scalp
mastoid LNs drain the:
mid-scalp
parotid LNs drain the:
lateral face and scalp including eyelids
submandibular LNs drain the:
upper lip and lateral lower lip
submental LNs drain the:
chin and central lower lip
all lymph vessels from head and neck drain directly or indirectly into:
the deep cervical LNs
