Nose

Question 1

external nose is composted of:

Answer 1

nasal bones, frontal, maxilla, 2 lateral cartilages, 2 alar cartilages, and septal cartilage

Question 2

nasal septum

Answer 2

divides chamber of nose into 2 cavities consisting of perpendicular plate of ethmoid, vomer, and septal cartilage

Question 3

if deviation of nasal septum is severe enough, it can:

Answer 3

contact lateral wall of nasal cavity and often obstructs breathing or exacerbates snoring

Question 4

nasal vestibule

Answer 4

small dilated space just internal to the naris containing hair follicles

Question 5

respiratory region of nasal cavities:

Answer 5

largest part of nasal cavity containing rich neurovascular supply

Question 6

olfactory region of nasal cavities:

Answer 6

small area at apex of each cavity lined by olfactory epithelium that contains olfactory receptors

Question 7

medial wall of nasal cavity:

Answer 7

nasal septum

Question 8

floor of nasal cavity:

Answer 8

formed by hard palate and soft tissues of external nose

Question 9

roof of nasal cavity:

Answer 9

curved and narrow, divided into 3 parts: frontonasal, ethmoidal, sphenoidal

Question 10

lateral wall of nasal cavity:

Answer 10

formed by 3 nasal conchae that divide nasal cavity into 4 air chambers: inferior, middle, and superior nasal meati, and spheno-ethmoidal recess

Question 11

nasolacrimal duct is located:

Answer 11

inferior meatus

Question 12

ethmodial bulla and semilunar hiatus are located:

Answer 12

middle meatus

Question 13

orifices of posterior ethmoidal sinus are located:

Answer 13

superior meatus

Question 14

opening of sphenoidal sinus is located:

Answer 14

spheno-ethmoidal recess

Question 15

choanae

Answer 15

oval-shaped, rigid openings between the nasal cavities and nasopharynx completely formed by bone

Question 16

kiesselbach area:

Answer 16

anastomotic arterial plexus involving all 5 arteries located in the anterior part of the nasal septum; 2 largest contributors are septal branches from sphenopalatine and septal branch of superior labial

Question 17

venous drainage of the nose:

Answer 17

submucosal venous plexus lies deep to nasal mucosa and drains mostly into facial and ophthalmic veins; also can drain to pterygoid plexus and cavernous sinus

Question 18

olfactory nerve structure

Answer 18

arise from cells in olfactory epithelium in superior part of lateral and septal walls of nasal cavity; central processes pass through cribriform plate and end in olfactory bulb which is the rostral expansion of the olfactory tract

Question 19

trigeminal innervation of the nose:

Answer 19

general sensation and sensory to external nose;

Question 20

postero-inferior portion of external nose is innervated by:

Answer 20

maxillary branches

Question 21

nasal septum is innervated by:

Answer 21

nasopalatine branch of maxillary nerve

Question 22

lateral wall of nose is innervated by:

Answer 22

greater palatine branch of maxillary nerve

Question 23

antero-superior portion of external nose is innervated by:

Answer 23

anterior and posterior ethmoidal branches of ophthalmic nerve

Question 24

dorsum and apex of nose is innervated by:

Answer 24

infratrochlear nerve and external branch of anterior ethmoidal nerve

Question 25

alae of nose is innervated by:

Answer 25

nasal branches of infraorbital nerve

Question 26

facial nerve involvement in nose:

Answer 26

PNS fibers from facial travel via greater petrosal nerve to pterygopalatine ganglion which sends fibers to nasal cavity glands

Question 27

innervation of paranasal sinuses:

Answer 27

trigeminal nerve

Question 28

frontal sinuses:

Answer 28

drain through frontonasal duct into ethmoidal infundibulum which opens into semilunar hiatus; innervated by supraorbital branches

Question 29

ethmoidal cells

Answer 29

anterior cells drain through ethmoidal infundibulum into middle meatus; middle cells open into middle meatus forming ethmoidal bulla; posterior cells open into superior meatus; innervated by anterior and posterior ethmoidal nerves

Question 30

maxillary sinuses:

Answer 30

drains through maxillary ostium into semilunar hiatus; innervated by superior alveolar and infraorbital nerves

Question 31

most commonly infected sinus:

Answer 31

maxillary sinus

Question 32

sphenoidal sinus:

Answer 32

opens into roof of nasal cavity via apertures on posterior wall of spehno-ethmoidal recess; innervated by posterior ethmoidal nerve and orbital branches of maxillary

Question 33

sinusitis

Answer 33

inflammation and swelling of sinus mucosa

Question 34

lymph drainage of anterior regions

Answer 34

drain forward onto face passing around nares and ultimately draining to submandibular nodes

Question 35

lymph drainage of posterior regions

Answer 35

drain into upper deep cervical nodes and may pass through retropharyngeal nodes first

Question 36

rhinitis

Answer 36

swollen and inflamed nasal mucosa due to upper respiratory infections or allergic reactions

Question 37

infections of nasal cavities may spread to the:

Answer 37

anterior cranial fossa through cribriform plate, nasopharynx and retropharyngeal soft tissues, middle ear through pharyngotympanic tube, paranasal sinuses, lacrimal apparatus and conjunctiva