Cranial meninges and brain

Question 1

arachnoid + pia =

Answer 1

leptomeninx

Question 2

dura mater:

Answer 2

composed of external periosteal layer and internal meningeal layer that is continuous with spinal dura

Question 3

dural infoldings

Answer 3

separation of dural layers that divide cranial cavity into compartments

Question 4

falx cerebri

Answer 4

lies in longitudinal cerebral fissure and attaches to frontal crest anteriorly and internal occipital protuberance posteriorly; continuous with tentorium cerebelli

Question 5

tentorium cerebelli

Answer 5

wide septum held up by falx cerebri to separate occipital lobes of cerebrum from the cerebellum; attaches to clinoid processes rostrally, petrous portion rostrolaterally, and internal surface of occipital and parietal bones posterolaterally

Question 6

falx cerebelli

Answer 6

vertical, midline dural infolding that lies inferior to tentorium cerebelli and attaches to occipital crest, separating cerebellar hemispheres

Question 7

diaphragma sellae

Answer 7

circular sheet of dura attached to clinoid processes forming roof over hypophysial fossa and covering pituitary gland

Question 8

what is contained inside the cavernous sinus:

Answer 8

ICA and abducent nerve

Question 9

what is embedded in the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus:

Answer 9

oculomotor, trochlear, ophthalmic, and maxillary nerves

Question 10

danger triangle of face

Answer 10

facial vein connects to cavernous sinus via superior ophthalmic veins and pterygoid plexus via inferior ophthalmic and deep facial veins; so an infection of face may spread to both cavernous sinus and pterygoid venous plexus

Question 11

emissary veins connect the:

Answer 11

dural venous sinuses with veins outside of the cranium

Question 12

vasculature of dura mater:

Answer 12

travels in outer periosteal layer of dura mainly by middle meningeal artery and its branches

Question 13

nerve supply of dura mater:

Answer 13

floors of anterior and middle cranial fossae and roof of posterior cranial fossa are innervated by meningeal branches of trigeminal nerve; floor of posterior cranial fossa is innervated by C2 and 3 spinal nerves that travel with vagus and hypoglossal nerves

Question 14

from rostral to caudal the brain is divided into 5 continuous parts:

Answer 14

telencephalon (cerebrum), diencephalon, mesencephalon (midbrain), metencephalon (cerebellum and pons), and myelencephon (medulla oblongata)

Question 15

cerebrum:

Answer 15

divided into frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, and insula lobes by the longitudinal and traverse fissures and the central and lateral sulci

Question 16

diencephalon

Answer 16

composed of thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus

Question 17

brainstem

Answer 17

composed of midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata

Question 18

cerebellum consists of 2 hemispheres united by:

Answer 18

vermis

Question 19

lateral ventricles

Answer 19

interventricular foramen

Question 20

third ventricle

Answer 20

cerebral aqueduct

Question 21

fourth ventricle

Answer 21

central canal, median aperture, and paired lateral apertures

Question 22

CSF is formed by:

Answer 22

choroid plexuses of the 4 venticles of the brain

Question 23

cerebral arterial circle (circle of willis)

Answer 23

anterior communicating, anterior cerebral, ICA, posterior communicating, and posterior cerebral arteries

Question 24

posterior circulation of brain:

Answer 24

posterior inferior cerebellar artery, vertebral arteries, basilar artery, anterior inferior cerebella, pontine branches, superior cerebellar, and posterior cerebral

Question 25

superior cerebral veins drain into:

Answer 25

saggital sinus

Question 26

inferior and superficial middle cerebral veins drain into:

Answer 26

straight, transverse, and superior petrosal sinuses

Question 27

great cerebral vein (of Galen) is formed inside brain by:

Answer 27

union of 2 internal cerebral veins and ends by merging with the inferior sagittal sinus to form the straight sinus

Question 28

cerebellum is drained by:

Answer 28

superior and inferior cerebellar veins