Cranial meninges and brain Flashcards
arachnoid + pia =
leptomeninx
dura mater:
composed of external periosteal layer and internal meningeal layer that is continuous with spinal dura
dural infoldings
separation of dural layers that divide cranial cavity into compartments
falx cerebri
lies in longitudinal cerebral fissure and attaches to frontal crest anteriorly and internal occipital protuberance posteriorly; continuous with tentorium cerebelli
tentorium cerebelli
wide septum held up by falx cerebri to separate occipital lobes of cerebrum from the cerebellum; attaches to clinoid processes rostrally, petrous portion rostrolaterally, and internal surface of occipital and parietal bones posterolaterally
falx cerebelli
vertical, midline dural infolding that lies inferior to tentorium cerebelli and attaches to occipital crest, separating cerebellar hemispheres
diaphragma sellae
circular sheet of dura attached to clinoid processes forming roof over hypophysial fossa and covering pituitary gland
what is contained inside the cavernous sinus:
ICA and abducent nerve
what is embedded in the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus:
oculomotor, trochlear, ophthalmic, and maxillary nerves
danger triangle of face
facial vein connects to cavernous sinus via superior ophthalmic veins and pterygoid plexus via inferior ophthalmic and deep facial veins; so an infection of face may spread to both cavernous sinus and pterygoid venous plexus
emissary veins connect the:
dural venous sinuses with veins outside of the cranium
vasculature of dura mater:
travels in outer periosteal layer of dura mainly by middle meningeal artery and its branches
nerve supply of dura mater:
floors of anterior and middle cranial fossae and roof of posterior cranial fossa are innervated by meningeal branches of trigeminal nerve; floor of posterior cranial fossa is innervated by C2 and 3 spinal nerves that travel with vagus and hypoglossal nerves
from rostral to caudal the brain is divided into 5 continuous parts:
telencephalon (cerebrum), diencephalon, mesencephalon (midbrain), metencephalon (cerebellum and pons), and myelencephon (medulla oblongata)
cerebrum:
divided into frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, and insula lobes by the longitudinal and traverse fissures and the central and lateral sulci
diencephalon
composed of thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus
brainstem
composed of midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata
cerebellum consists of 2 hemispheres united by:
vermis
lateral ventricles
interventricular foramen
third ventricle
cerebral aqueduct
fourth ventricle
central canal, median aperture, and paired lateral apertures
CSF is formed by:
choroid plexuses of the 4 venticles of the brain
cerebral arterial circle (circle of willis)
anterior communicating, anterior cerebral, ICA, posterior communicating, and posterior cerebral arteries
posterior circulation of brain:
posterior inferior cerebellar artery, vertebral arteries, basilar artery, anterior inferior cerebella, pontine branches, superior cerebellar, and posterior cerebral
superior cerebral veins drain into:
saggital sinus
inferior and superficial middle cerebral veins drain into:
straight, transverse, and superior petrosal sinuses
great cerebral vein (of Galen) is formed inside brain by:
union of 2 internal cerebral veins and ends by merging with the inferior sagittal sinus to form the straight sinus
cerebellum is drained by:
superior and inferior cerebellar veins
