pharynx

Question 1

structures of the nasopharynx

Answer 1

1. auditory (eustachian or pharyngotympanic) tube orifice
2. torus tubarius
3. pharyngeal recess
4. pharyngeal tonsil
5. salpingopharyngeal fold

Question 2

auditory tube opening is posterior to ____ and serves as connection between pharynx and ____

Answer 2

inferior nasal concha; middle ear

Question 3

torus tubarius is the ____ of the auditory tube, positioned ____ to the orifice

Answer 3

cartilage; posterior

Question 4

groove along lateral pharyngeal wall, posterior to torus tubarius

Answer 4

pharyngeal recess

Question 5

pharyngeal tonsil positioned ____ to torus tubarius

Answer 5

postero-superior

Question 6

the vallecula is the fold posterior to the ____ and anterior to the ____

Answer 6

root of the tongue; epiglottis

Question 7

function of vallecula

Answer 7

“spit trap”

temporary hold place for saliva during breathing

Question 8

functions of the larynx

Answer 8

1. phonation
2. regulate size of the opening between the vocal folds
3. prevent foreign antibodies from entering the airway
4. act as a sphincter

Question 9

the piriform recess extends laterally to the _____

Answer 9

thyroid cartilage

Question 10

superior laryngeal vessels run with ____

Answer 10

internal laryngeal n.

Question 11

inferior laryngeal vessels run with ____

Answer 11

recurrent laryngeal n.

Question 12

superior pharyngeal constrictor m. arises from ____ and ____ and _____

Answer 12

pterygomandibular raphe; medial pterygoid plate; mandible

Question 13

superior pharyngeal constrictor meets ____ anteriorly and is anchored to _____ of the skull superiorly

Answer 13

buccinator m. ; pharyngeal tubercle

Question 14

attachments associated with the superior pharyngeal constrictor m.

Answer 14

pterygomandibular raphe
pterygoid hamulus
medial plate of pterygoid process
pharyngeal tubercle
pharyngeal raphe

Question 15

middle pharyngeal constrictor m. arises from ____ and _____; it overlaps ____

Answer 15

greater horn of the hyoid bone; inferior portion of the stylohyoid ligament; superior pharyngeal constrictor m.

Question 16

___, ___, and ____ pass between superior and middle constrictor mm.

Answer 16

stylohyoid ligament
stylopharyngeus m.
CN IX

Question 17

attachment points associated with middle pharyngeal constrictor m.,

Answer 17

hyoid bone; stylohyoid ligament; pharyngeal raphe

Question 18

inferior pharyngeal constrictor m. arises from ____ and ____; it overlaps _____

Answer 18

thyroid and cricoid cartilages; middle constrictor m,

Question 19

____ and ____ pass betw middle and inferior constrictor mm. to pierce ____

Answer 19

internal laryngeal n. ; superior laryngeal a. ; thyrohyoid membrane

Question 20

attachment points associated with inferior pharyngeal constrictor m.

Answer 20

oblique line of thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, and pharyngeal raphe

Question 21

stylopharyngeus arises from ____ and descends to blend with fibers of _____

Answer 21

styloid process; inferior constrictor m.

Question 22

salpingopharyngeus arises from ____ and descends to blend with fibers of ____

Answer 22

auditory tube; palatopharyngeus

Question 23

sensory to the nasopharynx by:

Answer 23

pharyngeal branch of V2 (maxillary n.)

Question 24

sensory to the oropharynx by:

Answer 24

CN IX

Question 25

sensory to the laryngopharynx by:

Answer 25

CN X

Question 26

arterial supply to the pharynx is predominantly by:

Answer 26

ascending pharyngeal a. and superior thyroid a. (branches of ECA)

Question 27

additional arterial supply to pharynx:

Answer 27

branches of facial and maxillary aa. (esp in the tonsillar region) inferior thyroid a. pharyngeal branches

Question 28

tonsillar branches supplying the palatine tonsils from:

Answer 28

``` facial a. lingual a. (dorsal lingual a.) ascending palatine a. (from facial a.) lesser palatine a. (from descending palatine a.) ascending pharyngeal a. ```

Question 29

_____ supplies sympathetic nn. to pharyngeal plexus

Answer 29

superior cervical ganglion (via vasculature)

Question 30

____ supplies motor to pharyngeal mm. except ____

Answer 30

CN X; stylopharyngeus m.

Question 31

____ supplies motor to stylopharyngeus and sensory to pharynx

Answer 31

CN IX

Question 32

loss of motor nn. to pharynx leads to ____; loss of sensory nn. to pharynx may cause loss of ____

Answer 32

marked dysphagia (difficulty swallowing); gag reflex