cranio-vertebral

Question 1

atlanto-occipital joint is a ____ joint that allows for:

Answer 1

synovial, condyloid; allows for flexion/extension (yes movement) and tilting of the head side to side

Question 2

atlantoaxial joint is a ____ joint that allows for ____

Answer 2

synovial, pivot; rotation of the head

Question 3

superior extension of posterior longitudinal ligament

Answer 3

tectorial membrane

Question 4

tectorial membrane attached to ____ and extends down thru ____; continues inferiorly past C2 as _____

Answer 4

clivus of occipital bone; foramen magnum; posterior longitudinal ligament

Question 5

ant and post longitudinal ligaments named based on their positive relative to the _____

Answer 5

vertebral body

Question 6

superior extension of anterior longitudinal ligament

Answer 6

anterior atlanto-occipital membrane

Question 7

posterior membrane between atlas and occipital bone

Answer 7

posterior atlanto-occipital membrane

Question 8

posterior atlanto-occipital membrane is the uppermost extent of ____ that fills in gaps between posterior vertebral arches

Answer 8

ligamentum flavum

Question 9

deep ligaments between C1 and C2

Answer 9

• transverse ligament of the atlas
• cruciform (cruciate) ligament of the atlas
• alar (check) ligaments
• apical ligament of the dens (apical dental)

Question 10

function of transverse ligament of atlas

Answer 10

holds dens of axis (C2) tightly to anterior arch of atlas (C1)

Question 11

cruciform (cruciate) ligament is composed of:

Answer 11

transverse ligament of atlas, superior longitudinal band, and inferior longitudinal band

Question 12

superior longitudinal band attaches to ____

Answer 12

foramen magnum

Question 13

inferior longitudinal band attaches to ____

Answer 13

dens of C2 posteriorly

Question 14

alar (check) ligaments extend from ____ to ____

Answer 14

dens; medial portions of occipital condyles

Question 15

apical ligament of dens attaches to ____; is located deep to ____

Answer 15

anterior margin of foramen magnum; superior longitudinal band of cruciform ligament

Question 16

the sympathetic trunk is located ____ to the carotid sheath in the ____

Answer 16

posteromedial; retropharyngeal space

Question 17

____ will be the medial most structure on the posterior pharynx

Answer 17

sympathetic chain

Question 18

CNs ___ and ____ each give rise to superior and inferior ganglia (sensory ganglia within the jugular foramen) at the base of the skull

Answer 18

IX; X

Question 19

sympathetic trunk gives rise to _____ and sends off _____

Answer 19

superior cervical ganglion; internal carotid plexus (travels on ICA)

Question 20

2 branches of vagus n. at base of skull

Answer 20

pharyngeal n. and superior laryngeal n.

Question 21

pharyngeal n. from vagus n. travels between ___ and ____

Answer 21

ICA and ECA

Question 22

pharyngeal plexus of nerves formed by union of pharyngeal branches of ___ and ____

Answer 22

CN IX and X

Question 23

CN IX primarily contributes ___ fibers to the plexus and innervates ____

Answer 23

sensory; stylopharyngeus m.

Question 24

CN X supplies ____ to most pharyngeal muscles and carries ____

Answer 24

motor innervation; parasympathetic innervation

Question 25

sympathetic fibers to pharyngeal plexus are from ____

Answer 25

superior cervical ganglion

Question 26

structures of prevertebral region

Answer 26

``` sympathetic trunks CNs IX, X, XI, XII cervical spinal nn. vertebral vessels pharyngeal plexuses of vv. ```

Question 27

CN IX is the most ____ and travels to ____ and ____

Answer 27

anterior; posterior tongue; pharynx

Question 28

CN X is found ____ in the carotid sheath and travels into ____

Answer 28

centrally; thorax

Question 29

CN XI is the most ____ and travels to:

Answer 29

posterior; SCM and trapezius

Question 30

CN XII moves ___ and travels to the ___

Answer 30

laterally; tongue

Question 31

C1-C4 cervical nerves

Answer 31

cervical plexus (ventral rami of C1-C4); posterior to longus capitis/colli mm.

Question 32

C3-C5 cervical nerves

Answer 32

form phrenic n. that descends along anterior scalene m.

Question 33

C5-C8 cervical nerves:

Answer 33

form brachial plexus, runs between ant and middle scalene mm.

Question 34

external pharyngeal plexus forms outside of ____

Answer 34

pharyngobasilar fascia

Question 35

internal pharyngeal plexus forms between _____ and ____

Answer 35

pharyngobasilar fascia and constrictor mm.

Question 36

both pharyngeal plexuses drain into ____ and ____ at angle of mandible and multiple inferior branches

Answer 36

pterygoid plexus of vv.; IJV