Gross brain Flashcards
internal carotid a. enters ____ and makes 90 degree turn and then goes superior to _____
carotid canal; foramen lacerum
internal carotid a. then enters _____
cavernous sinus
internal carotid a. supplies _____
anterior and middle brain
vertebral a. ascends through ____ of ____
transverse foramina; C6 and above
vertebral a. makes a 90 degree turn and enters _____ and joins opposite vertebral a. to form _____
foramen magnum; basilar a.
vertebral a. supplies :
posterior brain
internal carotid a. branches
ophthalmic aa.
anastomosis with posterior communicating aa.
terminates as middle and anterior cerebral aa.
branches of vertebrobasilar system supply:
medial and inferior surfaces of temporal and occipital lobes; branches also go to rostral midbrain and posterior diencephalon
vertebral aa. give off:
anterior and posterior spinal aa.
PICA
anterior and posterior spinal aa. supply
anterior 2/3 of spinal cord and posterior 1/3 of spinal cord
PICA supplies:
posterior cerebellum and lateral medulla
basilar a. gives off:
AICA
labyrinthine aa. and pontine aa.
superior cerebellar aa.
AICA supplies:
anterior portions of inferior cerebellum and caudal pons
SCA supplies:
superior cerebellum, caudal midbrain, and rostral pons
bones that make up the anterior cranial fossa
frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid
bones that make up the middle cranial fossa
sphenoid, parietal and temporal- petrous portion
bones that make up the posterior cranial fossa
(sphenoid) temporal, parietal, and occipital
dural vasculature branches
middle meningeal a.
ethmoidal a. - anterior supply
occipital a. - posterior occipital branches
ascending pharyngeal a. - posterior supply
vertebral a. - around foramen magnum
3 functions of the brain
stimulates movement
maintains homeostasis
produces thought
tiny fold of brain on the cerebellum
folium (folia)
frontal and parietal lobe functions
primary motor and personality area
primary sensory and integration area
occipital and temporal lobe functions
occipital- primary vision area
temporal- auditory, speech, olfactory, and memory areas
cerebellum function
fine motor coordination
pons function
CN nuclei and tracts between cerebrum and cerebellum
medulla oblongata function
blood pressure and respiration
corpus callosum and thalamuc functions
CC- fibers connecting cerebral hemispheres
thalamus- relay station for all senses except olfaction
hypothalamus function
center for autonomic and endocrine functions
pituitary gland function
“master gland” for homeostasis
pineal gland function
center for sleep-wake cycles
mammillary bodies function
nuclei related to emotions
CN III is usually found between ____ and ____
posterior cerebral and superior cerebellar aa.
CN VI is usually found between ___ and ____
AICA and labyrinthe aa.
foramina of the anterior cranial fossa
- cribriform plate of ethmoid bone- CN I (olfactory n.) fibers
- foramen cecum (emissary v. from nasal cavity to SSS)
- anterior ethmoidal foramen (na and v)
- posterior ethmoidal foramen (na and v)
structures pass through cavernous sinus on either side of the ____ that sits in the ____
pituitary gland; hypophyseal fossa
contents of the cavernous sinus in the middle cranial fossa
optic canal- CN II and ophthalmic a.
superior orbital fissure- CN III, IV, V1, and ophthalmic vv.
foramen rotundum- V2
foramen ovale- V3 and accessory meningeal a.
foramen spinosum- middle meningeal a.
foramen lacerum- fibrocartilage (IC crosses over it)
___ in the cavernous sinus is superior and medial to the sinus/walls
CN II
2 additional structures you can see in the cavernous sinus
- anastomosis between ICAs (anterior supply) and vertebral aa. (posterior supply) - at posterior communicating aa.
- structures entering the orbit
foramen of the posterior cranial fossa
internal acoustic meatus (VII and VIII)
jugular foramen (IJV and CNs IX-XI)
foramen magnum- spinal cord, vertebral aa., accessory n. (CN XI)
hypoglossal canal - CN XII
2 layers of dura mater
periosteal layer - rough outer layer adherent to skull, forming endocranium or inner periosteum
meningeal layer- smooth inner layer covering arachnoid mater
layers of dura separate to from ____
venous sinuses
principal contribution to dural vasculature is ____ that has anterior and posterior branches
middle meningeal a.
veins of the meninges drain to ____
pterygoid venous plexuses
frontal branch (anterior) of middle meningeal a. passes deep to ____ bony structure
pterion
tearing of middle meningeal a. leads to ____
epidural hematoma (arterial bleeding between dura and skull)
anterior/middle cranial fossa and tentorium cerebelli are innervated by:
meningeal branches of V1, V2, and V3
____ fibers innervate the posterior cranial fossa floor and walls
C2, C3
____ is a dural fold found between brain and pituitary gland
diaphragma sellae
dural venous sinuses receive venous drainage from brain and skull via ____, ____, and ____ vv; blood entering sinuses flows posterior and inferior to drain to ____
cerebral; cerebellar; emissary ; IJV
____ from subarachnoid space drain into the superior sagittal sinus; interruption of these vessels will cause _____
bridging vessels; subdural hematoma
