Gross brain

Question 1

internal carotid a. enters ____ and makes 90 degree turn and then goes superior to _____

Answer 1

carotid canal; foramen lacerum

Question 2

internal carotid a. then enters _____

Answer 2

cavernous sinus

Question 3

internal carotid a. supplies _____

Answer 3

anterior and middle brain

Question 4

vertebral a. ascends through ____ of ____

Answer 4

transverse foramina; C6 and above

Question 5

vertebral a. makes a 90 degree turn and enters _____ and joins opposite vertebral a. to form _____

Answer 5

foramen magnum; basilar a.

Question 6

vertebral a. supplies :

Answer 6

posterior brain

Question 7

internal carotid a. branches

Answer 7

ophthalmic aa.
anastomosis with posterior communicating aa.
terminates as middle and anterior cerebral aa.

Question 8

branches of vertebrobasilar system supply:

Answer 8

medial and inferior surfaces of temporal and occipital lobes; branches also go to rostral midbrain and posterior diencephalon

Question 9

vertebral aa. give off:

Answer 9

anterior and posterior spinal aa.

PICA

Question 10

anterior and posterior spinal aa. supply

Answer 10

anterior 2/3 of spinal cord and posterior 1/3 of spinal cord

Question 11

PICA supplies:

Answer 11

posterior cerebellum and lateral medulla

Question 12

basilar a. gives off:

Answer 12

AICA
labyrinthine aa. and pontine aa.
superior cerebellar aa.

Question 13

AICA supplies:

Answer 13

anterior portions of inferior cerebellum and caudal pons

Question 14

SCA supplies:

Answer 14

superior cerebellum, caudal midbrain, and rostral pons

Question 15

bones that make up the anterior cranial fossa

Answer 15

frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid

Question 16

bones that make up the middle cranial fossa

Answer 16

sphenoid, parietal and temporal- petrous portion

Question 17

bones that make up the posterior cranial fossa

Answer 17

(sphenoid) temporal, parietal, and occipital

Question 18

dural vasculature branches

Answer 18

middle meningeal a.
ethmoidal a. - anterior supply
occipital a. - posterior occipital branches
ascending pharyngeal a. - posterior supply
vertebral a. - around foramen magnum

Question 19

3 functions of the brain

Answer 19

stimulates movement
maintains homeostasis
produces thought

Question 20

tiny fold of brain on the cerebellum

Answer 20

folium (folia)

Question 21

frontal and parietal lobe functions

Answer 21

primary motor and personality area

primary sensory and integration area

Question 22

occipital and temporal lobe functions

Answer 22

occipital- primary vision area

temporal- auditory, speech, olfactory, and memory areas

Question 23

cerebellum function

Answer 23

fine motor coordination

Question 24

pons function

Answer 24

CN nuclei and tracts between cerebrum and cerebellum

Question 25

medulla oblongata function

Answer 25

blood pressure and respiration

Question 26

corpus callosum and thalamuc functions

Answer 26

CC- fibers connecting cerebral hemispheres | thalamus- relay station for all senses except olfaction

Question 27

hypothalamus function

Answer 27

center for autonomic and endocrine functions

Question 28

pituitary gland function

Answer 28

"master gland" for homeostasis

Question 29

pineal gland function

Answer 29

center for sleep-wake cycles

Question 30

mammillary bodies function

Answer 30

nuclei related to emotions

Question 31

CN III is usually found between ____ and ____

Answer 31

posterior cerebral and superior cerebellar aa.

Question 32

CN VI is usually found between ___ and ____

Answer 32

AICA and labyrinthe aa.

Question 33

foramina of the anterior cranial fossa

Answer 33

1. cribriform plate of ethmoid bone- CN I (olfactory n.) fibers 2. foramen cecum (emissary v. from nasal cavity to SSS) 3. anterior ethmoidal foramen (na and v) 4. posterior ethmoidal foramen (na and v)

Question 34

structures pass through cavernous sinus on either side of the ____ that sits in the ____

Answer 34

pituitary gland; hypophyseal fossa

Question 35

contents of the cavernous sinus in the middle cranial fossa

Answer 35

optic canal- CN II and ophthalmic a. superior orbital fissure- CN III, IV, V1, and ophthalmic vv. foramen rotundum- V2 foramen ovale- V3 and accessory meningeal a. foramen spinosum- middle meningeal a. foramen lacerum- fibrocartilage (IC crosses over it)

Question 36

___ in the cavernous sinus is superior and medial to the sinus/walls

Answer 36

CN II

Question 37

2 additional structures you can see in the cavernous sinus

Answer 37

1. anastomosis between ICAs (anterior supply) and vertebral aa. (posterior supply) - at posterior communicating aa. 2. structures entering the orbit

Question 38

foramen of the posterior cranial fossa

Answer 38

internal acoustic meatus (VII and VIII) jugular foramen (IJV and CNs IX-XI) foramen magnum- spinal cord, vertebral aa., accessory n. (CN XI) hypoglossal canal - CN XII

Question 39

2 layers of dura mater

Answer 39

periosteal layer - rough outer layer adherent to skull, forming endocranium or inner periosteum meningeal layer- smooth inner layer covering arachnoid mater

Question 40

layers of dura separate to from ____

Answer 40

venous sinuses

Question 41

principal contribution to dural vasculature is ____ that has anterior and posterior branches

Answer 41

middle meningeal a.

Question 42

veins of the meninges drain to ____

Answer 42

pterygoid venous plexuses

Question 43

frontal branch (anterior) of middle meningeal a. passes deep to ____ bony structure

Answer 43

pterion

Question 44

tearing of middle meningeal a. leads to ____

Answer 44

epidural hematoma (arterial bleeding between dura and skull)

Question 45

anterior/middle cranial fossa and tentorium cerebelli are innervated by:

Answer 45

meningeal branches of V1, V2, and V3

Question 46

____ fibers innervate the posterior cranial fossa floor and walls

Answer 46

C2, C3

Question 47

____ is a dural fold found between brain and pituitary gland

Answer 47

diaphragma sellae

Question 48

dural venous sinuses receive venous drainage from brain and skull via ____, ____, and ____ vv; blood entering sinuses flows posterior and inferior to drain to ____

Answer 48

cerebral; cerebellar; emissary ; IJV

Question 49

____ from subarachnoid space drain into the superior sagittal sinus; interruption of these vessels will cause _____

Answer 49

bridging vessels; subdural hematoma