larynx

Question 1

3 regions of the larynx

Answer 1

vestibule (1)
ventricle (3)
infraglottic cavity

Question 2

laryngeal cartilages (from superior to inferior)

Answer 2

epiglottic cartilage
triticeal cartilage 
corniculate cartilage (posterior view)
arytenoid cartilage (posterior view)
thyroid cartilage
cricoid cartilage

Question 3

epiglottic cartilage is anchored to the posterior surface of the ____ by the ____ and the hyoid bone by the ____

Answer 3

thyroid cartilage; thyro-epiglottic ligament

hyo-epiglottic ligament

Question 4

2 ____ unite anteriorly, forming a single thyroid cartilage

Answer 4

lamina

Question 5

____ sits superior to the laryngeal prominence

Answer 5

superior thyroid notch

Question 6

the oblique line on the lamina of thyroid cartilage is the attachment site for ____

Answer 6

extrinsic muscles of the larynx (sternothyroid, thyrohyoid, and inferior constrictor mm)

Question 7

the superior horn of the thyroid cartilage attaches via the ____ to the hyoid bone

Answer 7

lateral thyrohyoid ligaments

Question 8

thyroid cartilage lies between ____ vertebral levels and is composed of ____

Answer 8

C4-C6; hyaline cartilage

Question 9

cricoid cartilage has facets for articulation with ____ and ____

Answer 9

arytenoid cartilage; inferior horn of thyroid cartilage

Question 10

small horn shaped cartilages that rest on apices of arytenoid cartilages

Answer 10

corniculate cartilages

Question 11

corniculate cartilages lie in ____ and are ____

Answer 11

aryepiglottic fold; elastic cartilage

Question 12

triticeal cartilages lie in posterior fold of ____ also called the ____

Answer 12

thyrohyoid membrane; lateral thyrohyoid ligament

Question 13

cricothyroid joints are ____ joints between cricoid and thyroid cartilages and are held together by _____

Answer 13

synovial; cricothyroid ligaments

Question 14

cricothyroid joints allow ____ and ____; ____ run just posterior to joints

Answer 14

anterior movement; tilting of thyroid cartilage; inferior laryngeal nerves

Question 15

superior opening or inlet

Answer 15

aditus

Question 16

area superior to vestibular folds (false vocal cords)

Answer 16

vestibule

Question 17

area between vestibular folds and vocal folds

Answer 17

ventricle

Question 18

area inferior to vocal folds (true vocal cords)

Answer 18

infraglottic cavity

Question 19

space between the 2 folds right and left of the same pair

Answer 19

rima

Question 20

in forced inspiration, vocal folds are ____ and ____ is wide open; vestibule is open

Answer 20

abducted; rima glottidis

Question 21

in phonation, vocal folds are ____ and ____ as air is forces between them ; vestibule is open

Answer 21

adducted; stridulating

Question 22

in forced closure , ____ and ____ are adducted (closed); ____ and ____ are also closed

Answer 22

vocal folds; vestibular folds; rima glottidis and vestibule

Question 23

action of transverse arytenoid muscles

Answer 23

adduction of vocal ligaments

Question 24

action of vocalis and thyroarytenoid muscles

Answer 24

shortening (relaxation) of vocal ligaments

Question 25

the larynx is suspended from the _____ superiorly to extends to the ____ inferiorly; it lies between ____ vertebral levels

Answer 25

hyoid bone; trachea; C3-C6

Question 26

arytenoid cartilages have a ____ anteriorly and a ____ posteriorly

Answer 26

vocal process; muscular process

Question 27

thickened inferior portion of quadrangular membrane is the ____ or ____ which extends from the ____ to the ____

Answer 27

vestibular ligament; false vocal cord; arytenoid cartilage; thyroid cartilage

Question 28

inferior laryngeal n. (branch of recurrent laryngeal n.) supplies:

Answer 28

all intrinsic mm. of the larynx except cricothyroid m.

Question 29

recurrent laryngeal n. becomes inferior laryngeal n. when:

Answer 29

it passes the cricothyroid joint

Question 30

space between vestibular folds

Answer 30

rima vestibuli

Question 31

space between vocal folds

Answer 31

rima epiglottidis

Question 32

action of cricothyroid m.

Answer 32

tilts thyroid cartilage anteriorly at cricothyroid joint, lengthening and increasing tension of vocal ligaments affecting types of sounds you can make

Question 33

action of posterior crico-arytenoid m.

Answer 33

pulls muscular processes of arytenoid cartilages together, opening the rima glottidis; ONLY muscle that opens the airway

Question 34

____ and ____ muscles close rima glottidis (adduct vocal ligaments)

Answer 34

transverse ; oblique arytenoid

Question 35

muscle that closes the laryngeal inlet

Answer 35

ary-epiglottic part of oblique arytenoid muscle

Question 36

action of vocalis and thyro-arytenoid muscles

Answer 36

shortening (relaxation) of vocal ligaments

Question 37

arterial supply of the larynx

Answer 37

superior laryngeal a. from superior thyroid a. - supplies upper larynx inferior laryngeal a. from inferior thyroid a. - supplies lower larynx

Question 38

superior laryngeal a. runs with ____ and inferior laryngeal a. runs with ____

Answer 38

internal laryngeal n. (from superior laryngeal n. from vagus) inferior laryngeal n. (from recurrent laryngeal n. from vagus)

Question 39

superior thyroid a. branches to give ____ and ____

Answer 39

superior laryngeal a. ; cricothyroid a.

Question 40

recurrent laryngeal n. ascends along trachea and goes underneath ____ and then branches into anterior and posterior inferior laryngeal nerves

Answer 40

cricopharyngeus m. (part of inferior pharyngeal constrictor m.)

Question 41

injury to internal laryngeal nn. causes:

Answer 41

sensory loss to superior larynx, may enable food to more easily enter larynx

Question 42

injury to inferior laryngeal nn. causes:

Answer 42

paralyzes muscles ipsilateral, therefore paralysis of ipsilateral vocal folds; leads to hoarseness