eye and orbit Flashcards
membrane lining inner eyelid
palpebral conjunctiva
membrane lining surface of the eye
bulbar conjunctiva
potential space betw palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva
conjunctival sac
conjunctival reflections from eyelid to eye
fornices
modified sebaceous glands; secretions increase viscosity of tears and decrease rate of evaporation
tarsal glands
sebaceous and sweat glands associated with eyelash follicles; blockage results in a stye
ciliary glands
support for the eyelids
tendon of levator palpebrae superioris orbital septum superior tarsus lateral palpebral ligament inferior tarsus medial palpebral ligament
extension of periosteum into the upper and lower eyelids
orbital septum
7 bones contributing to the orbit
frontal zygomatic maxilla ethmoid lacrimal palatine sphenoid (greater and lesser wings)
anterior and posterior ethmoidal nerve artery and veins go to:
ethmoidal air cells, sphenoid sinus, nasal cavity, and meninges in the cranium
through the roof of the orbit is the ____ and through the floor is the ____
anterior cranial fossa; maxillary sinus
through the medial wall of the orbit is the ____ and through the lateral wall is the ____
ethmoidal air cells; temporal fossa
objects piercing superior orbital fissure enter the ____
middle cranial fossa
what passes through the optic canal?
optic n. (CN II) and ophthalmic a.
what passes through superior orbital fissure?
CNs III, IV, V1, and VI ; ophthalmic vv.
what passes through inferior orbital fissure?
infraorbital n. and zygomatic n. and a.
ophthalmic a. is a branch of ____
ICA
supra-orbital n. is a branch of ____ and infraorbital n. is a branch of ____
CN V1; V2
supraorbital a. is a branch off ____ and infraorbital a. is a branch off ____
ophthalmic a.
maxillary a.
3 layers or tunics of the eyeball
fibrous (outer/external) layer
vascular (middle) layer
inner (internal) layer
outer or fibrous layer is composed of the ___ and ____
sclera; cornea
thin middle layer of ciliary aa. and vorticose vv.
choroid
colored smooth muscle behind the cornea controlling pupil size
iris
smooth m. around the lens for accomodation
ciliary body
adjustable aperture through which light enters the eye
pupil
vorticose vv. drain choroid from each posterior quadrant of the eye and drain into the _____
superior and inferior ophthalmic vv.
neural layer of eye which receives light rays
retina
oval region of retina for visual acuity (yellow in color thus only visible with red-free light)
macula lutea
most acute vision site at center of macula
fovea centralis
regions where CN II & retinal vessels enter/exit
optic disc
largely responsible for refraction of light in the eye
cornea
focuses light rays and near or distant objects on the retina
lens
watery filling anterior to lens
aqueous humor
gelatinous filling posterior to lens
vitreous humor (body)
lacrimal canaliculi transport tears to ____
lacrimal sac
lacrimal sac drains tears to ____ which drains tears through ____ to area located ____
nasolacrimal duct; nasolacrimal canal; under inferior nasal concha
all extraocular mm. insert onto the sclera, except _____
levator palpebrae superioris
____ and ____ do intorsion of the eye and ____ and ____ do extorsion of the eye
superior rectus and superior oblique do INTORSION
inferior rectus and inferior oblique do EXTORSION
____ supplies all extraocular muscles besides lateral rectus and superior oblique and carries parasyp. innervation to the ciliary ganglion
CN III
___ supplies superior oblique m.
CN IV
____ supplies lateral rectus m.
CN VI
eye can be placed ____ to test lateral and medial rectus mm.
neutrally
when the eye is placed in neutral position, it will deviate toward the ____
stronger pull (the opposite side of the m. you’re testing for damage)
eye must be ____ to test superior and inferior rectus mm.
abducted
eye must be ____ to test superior and inferior oblique mm.
adducted
ciliary ganglion receives parasympathetic innervation from ___ which sends ____ to the posterior eye
CN III; short ciliary nerves
CN III supplies parasympathetic innervation to ____ and _____
ciliary m. (to adjust lens for accommodation)
pupillary sphincter m. (constrict pupil)
sympathetic innervation to pupillary dilator m. is via _____
internal carotid plexus
3 types of fibers to the ciliary ganglion
- general sensory from V1 (nasociliary root)
- presynaptic parasympathetic from CN III
- postsynaptic sympathetic from internal carotid plexus
general sensory from ciliary ganglion to the ____
parasympathetic innervation to the ____ and _____
sympathetic innervation to the ____ and ____
cornea
sphincter pupillae and ciliary body
intra-ocular blood vessels and dilator pupillae
3 branches of V1 in the orbit
nasociliary n.
frontal n.
lacrimal n.
lacrimal n. supplies ___ and ____
lacrimal gland; conjunctiva
long ciliary nn. supply ____
sensory and sympathetic to posterior eye
gives rise to all aa of the eye
ophthalmic a.
supplies outer and middle layers of the eye
posterior ciliary aa.
supplies inner layer of retina
central retinal a.
supply anterior cranial fossa, nose, and sinuses
ethmoidal aa.
supplies central region of forehead
supraorbital a.
supplies medial region of forehead
supratrochlear a.
supplies lacrimal gland
lacrimal a.
superior ophthalmic v. from upper medial orbit and inferior ophthalmic v. from lower medial orbit anastomose with ____ and drain to ____
facial v.
cavernous sinus
____ from the retina and drains to the cavernous sinus
central retinal v.
____ from vascular layer of the eye drain to ____ and ____
vorticose vv. ; superior and inferior ophthalmic vv.
features of the middle eye
choroid
ciliary body
iris
pupil
features of the inner eye
retina
macula lutea
fovea centralis
optic disc
refractive media of the eye
cornea
lens
aqueous humor
vitreous humor
