eye and orbit

Question 1

membrane lining inner eyelid

Answer 1

palpebral conjunctiva

Question 2

membrane lining surface of the eye

Answer 2

bulbar conjunctiva

Question 3

potential space betw palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva

Answer 3

conjunctival sac

Question 4

conjunctival reflections from eyelid to eye

Answer 4

fornices

Question 5

modified sebaceous glands; secretions increase viscosity of tears and decrease rate of evaporation

Answer 5

tarsal glands

Question 6

sebaceous and sweat glands associated with eyelash follicles; blockage results in a stye

Answer 6

ciliary glands

Question 7

support for the eyelids

Answer 7

tendon of levator palpebrae superioris
orbital septum
superior tarsus
lateral palpebral ligament
inferior tarsus
medial palpebral ligament

Question 8

extension of periosteum into the upper and lower eyelids

Answer 8

orbital septum

Question 9

7 bones contributing to the orbit

Answer 9

frontal
zygomatic
maxilla
ethmoid
lacrimal
palatine
sphenoid (greater and lesser wings)

Question 10

anterior and posterior ethmoidal nerve artery and veins go to:

Answer 10

ethmoidal air cells, sphenoid sinus, nasal cavity, and meninges in the cranium

Question 11

through the roof of the orbit is the ____ and through the floor is the ____

Answer 11

anterior cranial fossa; maxillary sinus

Question 12

through the medial wall of the orbit is the ____ and through the lateral wall is the ____

Answer 12

ethmoidal air cells; temporal fossa

Question 13

objects piercing superior orbital fissure enter the ____

Answer 13

middle cranial fossa

Question 14

what passes through the optic canal?

Answer 14

optic n. (CN II) and ophthalmic a.

Question 15

what passes through superior orbital fissure?

Answer 15

CNs III, IV, V1, and VI ; ophthalmic vv.

Question 16

what passes through inferior orbital fissure?

Answer 16

infraorbital n. and zygomatic n. and a.

Question 17

ophthalmic a. is a branch of ____

Answer 17

ICA

Question 18

supra-orbital n. is a branch of ____ and infraorbital n. is a branch of ____

Answer 18

CN V1; V2

Question 19

supraorbital a. is a branch off ____ and infraorbital a. is a branch off ____

Answer 19

ophthalmic a.

maxillary a.

Question 20

3 layers or tunics of the eyeball

Answer 20

fibrous (outer/external) layer
vascular (middle) layer
inner (internal) layer

Question 21

outer or fibrous layer is composed of the ___ and ____

Answer 21

sclera; cornea

Question 22

thin middle layer of ciliary aa. and vorticose vv.

Answer 22

choroid

Question 23

colored smooth muscle behind the cornea controlling pupil size

Answer 23

iris

Question 24

smooth m. around the lens for accomodation

Answer 24

ciliary body

Question 25

adjustable aperture through which light enters the eye

Answer 25

pupil

Question 26

vorticose vv. drain choroid from each posterior quadrant of the eye and drain into the _____

Answer 26

superior and inferior ophthalmic vv.

Question 27

neural layer of eye which receives light rays

Answer 27

retina

Question 28

oval region of retina for visual acuity (yellow in color thus only visible with red-free light)

Answer 28

macula lutea

Question 29

most acute vision site at center of macula

Answer 29

fovea centralis

Question 30

regions where CN II & retinal vessels enter/exit

Answer 30

optic disc

Question 31

largely responsible for refraction of light in the eye

Answer 31

cornea

Question 32

focuses light rays and near or distant objects on the retina

Answer 32

lens

Question 33

watery filling anterior to lens

Answer 33

aqueous humor

Question 34

gelatinous filling posterior to lens

Answer 34

vitreous humor (body)

Question 35

lacrimal canaliculi transport tears to ____

Answer 35

lacrimal sac

Question 36

lacrimal sac drains tears to ____ which drains tears through ____ to area located ____

Answer 36

nasolacrimal duct; nasolacrimal canal; under inferior nasal concha

Question 37

all extraocular mm. insert onto the sclera, except _____

Answer 37

levator palpebrae superioris

Question 38

____ and ____ do intorsion of the eye and ____ and ____ do extorsion of the eye

Answer 38

superior rectus and superior oblique do INTORSION | inferior rectus and inferior oblique do EXTORSION

Question 39

____ supplies all extraocular muscles besides lateral rectus and superior oblique and carries parasyp. innervation to the ciliary ganglion

Answer 39

CN III

Question 40

___ supplies superior oblique m.

Answer 40

CN IV

Question 41

____ supplies lateral rectus m.

Answer 41

CN VI

Question 42

eye can be placed ____ to test lateral and medial rectus mm.

Answer 42

neutrally

Question 43

when the eye is placed in neutral position, it will deviate toward the ____

Answer 43

stronger pull (the opposite side of the m. you're testing for damage)

Question 44

eye must be ____ to test superior and inferior rectus mm.

Answer 44

abducted

Question 45

eye must be ____ to test superior and inferior oblique mm.

Answer 45

adducted

Question 46

ciliary ganglion receives parasympathetic innervation from ___ which sends ____ to the posterior eye

Answer 46

CN III; short ciliary nerves

Question 47

CN III supplies parasympathetic innervation to ____ and _____

Answer 47

ciliary m. (to adjust lens for accommodation) | pupillary sphincter m. (constrict pupil)

Question 48

sympathetic innervation to pupillary dilator m. is via _____

Answer 48

internal carotid plexus

Question 49

3 types of fibers to the ciliary ganglion

Answer 49

1. general sensory from V1 (nasociliary root) 2. presynaptic parasympathetic from CN III 3. postsynaptic sympathetic from internal carotid plexus

Question 50

general sensory from ciliary ganglion to the ____ parasympathetic innervation to the ____ and _____ sympathetic innervation to the ____ and ____

Answer 50

cornea sphincter pupillae and ciliary body intra-ocular blood vessels and dilator pupillae

Question 51

3 branches of V1 in the orbit

Answer 51

nasociliary n. frontal n. lacrimal n.

Question 52

lacrimal n. supplies ___ and ____

Answer 52

lacrimal gland; conjunctiva

Question 53

long ciliary nn. supply ____

Answer 53

sensory and sympathetic to posterior eye

Question 54

gives rise to all aa of the eye

Answer 54

ophthalmic a.

Question 55

supplies outer and middle layers of the eye

Answer 55

posterior ciliary aa.

Question 56

supplies inner layer of retina

Answer 56

central retinal a.

Question 57

supply anterior cranial fossa, nose, and sinuses

Answer 57

ethmoidal aa.

Question 58

supplies central region of forehead

Answer 58

supraorbital a.

Question 59

supplies medial region of forehead

Answer 59

supratrochlear a.

Question 60

supplies lacrimal gland

Answer 60

lacrimal a.

Question 61

superior ophthalmic v. from upper medial orbit and inferior ophthalmic v. from lower medial orbit anastomose with ____ and drain to ____

Answer 61

facial v. | cavernous sinus

Question 62

____ from the retina and drains to the cavernous sinus

Answer 62

central retinal v.

Question 63

____ from vascular layer of the eye drain to ____ and ____

Answer 63

vorticose vv. ; superior and inferior ophthalmic vv.

Question 64

features of the middle eye

Answer 64

choroid ciliary body iris pupil

Question 65

features of the inner eye

Answer 65

retina macula lutea fovea centralis optic disc

Question 66

refractive media of the eye

Answer 66

cornea lens aqueous humor vitreous humor