Pharynx Flashcards
What type of tissue is the pharynx made of?
Soft tissue
What CN innervate the larynx?
11, 10, 5 - damage or inflammation can affect ability to dilate during inspiration
What kind of pressures occur when the horse exhales? Inhales?
Exhale - +
Inhale - - (wants to collapse)
What occurs in the larynx on young (1-3yr) horses and is usually an incidental finding due to active lymphoid tissue?
Lymphoid Hyperplasia
What is palate dysfunction and why does it occur?
Palate instability - goes dorsal and doesnt go dorsal to epiglottis
DDSP - dorsal displaced soft palate - exercise or resting
Neuromuscular dysfunction
Reduced elevation larynx
dysfunstion hypoglossal nerve
What is DDSP? What are signs of it?
Dorsal displaced soft palate
-gurgling on expiration, many silent, decreased performance
-Dynamic endoscopy best diagnostic
How do you manage DDSP?
Medical - address upper and lower airway infammation
-Tack change
-Rest and improve fitness
-Surgery - tie forward, steronothyroid tenectomy, laser palatoplasty
Whats the aim for DDSP surgery?
Move larynx forward, stiffen soft palate
What is nasopharyngeal cicatrix?
Hot climates and pasture
-nasopharyngeal fibrosis
- arytenoid commonly involved
What can nasopharyngeal masses cause?
Nasal discharge, malodor, airflod obstruction, dysphagia
-Biopsy and fungal culture
What are some key things to remember about nasopharyngeal dysfunction in foals?
Respiratory stress and dysphagia - tracheotomy!
- Check FPT
-Should resolve in 30 days
What is cleft palate?
Interruption of embryonic closure of midline palate
What can cleft palate predispose foals to?
Aspiration Pneumonia
Is it worth it to treat a foal for soft palate?
Its a salvage procedure with a high chance of dehiscence
