Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

EBCM Lecture > Infectious Resp Disease 2 > Flashcards

Infectious Resp Disease 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are some non-viral infections of the respiratory system?

A

Bacterial, fungal, parasitic, pleural pneumonia, infiltrative and Misc Diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are some bacterial respiratory diseases?

A

Streptococcus equi, equi
Streptococcus Equi zooepidemicus
Streptococcus Dysgalactiae
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Rhodococcus equi
Mycoplasma
Secondary Bacterial Infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are some characteristics of Streptococcus Equi Equi?

A

Gram Positive, Chain Forming, B hemolytic Streptococcus
-B hemolytic - completely lyse RBC on blood plate
-Facultative anaerobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Streptococcus equi equi?

A

-Nasal or oral route, aerosolized or fomite
-Bacteria adhere, colonize URT epithelium
-Invade epithelium, lamina propia and lump
-Evades neutrophil and replicate lymph nodes
-SPread through lymphatics (bastard)
-Immune repsonse (purpa)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Who is at risk for Streptococcus equi equi?

A

All horses - old, young and naive worst - occurring in crowded population with new horses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How is Streptococcus Equi Equi transferred?

A

Oral and nasal, carrier in guttural pouch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is classic strangles?

A

Fever, nasal discharge, swollen lymph nodes (palpate 2-3d), abscesses primary source environmental contamination (don’t survive in environment long)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the immune mediated form of Streptococcus equi equi like?

A

Forms immune complex, leukocytoclastic vasculitis, purpura hemorrhagica (kidney, heart and liver effected by vasculitis), autoimmune thrombocytopenia and anemia, agalactia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is bastard stangels?

A

Dissemination and abscess formation in other viscera - weight loss, low fever, elevated WBC and fibrinogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is atypical strangles?

A

Subclinical disease, mild and delf limiting, due to bacterial load and pathogenesis, prior exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How do you diagnose Streptococcus equi equi?

A

Bacterial Culture or PCR (nasopharyngeal, abscess swab nasal or guttural pouch washes or abscess aspirate)

Serology: Serum - SeM protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What type of management strategy should be utilized with Streptococcus Equi Equi?

A

Horse with obvious disease - not antibiotic or NSAID - want it to come to a head and drain (hot packs help)

At rick horse - temp daily, febrile start penicillin asap

Unaffected - separate from affected and minimize contact with fomites

Recovering horses remain in isolation - clean and well ventilated environment, culture and scope guttural pouch

Monitor several month post outbreak - some become carriers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Is there a vaccine for Streptococcus equi equi?

A

Yes! Im and IN (careful - do last), not the most protective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What kind of pathogen is strep equi zooepidemicus?

A

Normal Flora
Opportunistic
Viral Respiratory infection
Young foal develop disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How can you diagnose bacterial disease of Respiratory Tract?

A

TTW - gram stain, cytology, culture and sensitivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What fungus commonly causes fungal pneumonia in lower airway of horeses?

A

Aspergillus Fusarium - gut or inhaled

17
Q

What drugs can you use to treat a fungal pneumonia?

A

Amphotericin B, Fluconazole, Miconazole

18
Q

What type of parasites like to cause respiratory disease?

A

Lung Worm - young horses with donkey - eosinophilia TTW - Ivermectin

Peracarids - migrate larvae - Ivermectin, moxidectin, fenbendazole

19
Q

What are some causes of pleural effusion?

A

-Secondary to pulmonary lymphatic blockage by pneumonic educate

-Secondary thoracic neoplasia

-Penetrating wound/trauma and secondary contamination tissue damage

20
Q

What is pleuritis?

A

Inflammation of pleural membrane
-Thoroughbred and standardbred racehorses

21
Q

What is a common HX for horse with pleuritis?

A

Stress, transport, recent viral infection, strenuous exercise, general anesthesia

22
Q

What are the clinical signs of pleuropneumonia?

A

Depression, inappetence, acute weight loss
-Fever, tachycardia, dyspnea, grunt, mucopurulent discharge, ventral edema, scant dry feces
-Reluctant to move, base wide, abduction forelimbs - paretal pleura well endowed with pain receptor, plural pain, look like colic or laminitis or myocisits, reluctant to lie down

23
Q

What is a critical part of your exam when looking for pleuropneumonia?

A

Thoracic exam - auscultation and percussion

24
Q

What does clinical pathology look like for pleuropneumonia?

A

CBC: Acute Hemoconentration - leukopenia with left shift, azotemia

CBC: Chronic (4-7 d) - anemia chronic disease, leukocytosis with neutrophilia, hyperfibrinogenemia

Chem: Chronic - azotemia, hypoalbuminemia, hypergammaglobulinemia

25
Q

What type of diagnostics should be performed if pleural pneumonia is suspected?

A

TTW - submit gram stain, cytology, culture sensitivity, PCR

Rads- look for pleural fluid line

Ultrasound - method of choice - drain chest 1st - see comet tails and fibrin and consolidated lung

Thoracocentesis - diagnostic and therapeutic - drain (ICS 7-8 R, ICS 6-7 left) - cytology, culture, sensitivity (aerobic and anaerobic), glucose and PH

26
Q

How do you treat pleuropneumonia?

A

Antibiotics - broad (penicillin, aminoglycoside, metronidazole) systemic and aerosolized

NSAID, Pentoxyfilline, DMSO

Laminitis prophylaxis - ice boot

Fluid and nutritional support

Thoracoscopy if severe with a rib resection

27
Q

What is the prognosis for pleuropneumonia?

A

Related to chronicity and extent disease
-Acute with minimal effusion - good
-Chronic with consolidated lung, effusion and fibrin - bad
-bad breath, discharge, mixed infection, anaerobes, poor response = bad

28
Q

What are some infiltrative Diseases of RT?

A

Granulomatous Disease- Silicosis, hairy vetch toxicosis, fungal, bacterial, coccidia, parasitic

Equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis - EHV5 - steroids and poor prognosis

MEEDS: multisytemic eosinophilic epitheliotropic disease - eosinophilic infiltrate lung- resp, weight loss, skin lesion, eosinophilia in blood - treat steroid

29
Q

What is a common form of neoplasia here?

A

Granular cell tumor - interstitial and intrairway invasion
-Sign RAO and obstructive disease
-Visualize tumor with endoscope (main stem bronchi?)

Lymphosarcoma

30
Q

What are some other misc disease that can cause reparatory signs?

A

Aspiration Pneumonia: laryngeal function and frowing

Foreign Body - young, brambles, TTW tubing, endoscopic diagnosis and retrieval

Noxious Smoke

31
Q

What causes pneumothorax and what are clinical signs?

A

Causes: penetrating wound, dissecting SQ emphysema, bullae or rupture bronchi, necrotic

Signs: restlessness to anxiousness, tachypnea, tachycardia, flared nostril, asymmetric thoracic movement, cyanosis

32
Q

How do you diagnose a pneumothorax?

A

Auscultation and percussion
Ultrasound and Rads

33
Q

How do you treat a pneumothorax?

A

Nasal Oxygen, re-inflate chest

34
Q

What are some clinical sings of pulmonary edema?

A

Harsh lung sounds, tracheal fluid, respiratory distress

35
Q

How do you treat pulmonary edema?

A

evaluate cardia cunciton, furosamide, nasal oxygen, steroids, bronchofilators, hetastarch

EBCM Lecture (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions