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EBCM Lecture > Diseases of the Foot 1 and 2 > Flashcards

Diseases of the Foot 1 and 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is broken back hoof pastern Axis?

A

When the angle of the distal Phalynx P3 is less than the P2

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2
Q

Which structures are stressed in broken back hoof axis?

A

DDF, Coffin Joint, Navicular Apparatus

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3
Q

What are some therapeutic shoeing options for a broken back pastern?

A

Wedging, roll toe or rocker

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4
Q

Where is the midpoint of the foot that decides where the shoe should be placed?

A

The distal condyle of p2

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5
Q

What structures does a broken forward HPA put stress on?

A

Suspensory, Navicular, Sole of hoof

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6
Q

What is a broken forward hoof paster axis?

A

When the angle of P3 is greater than P2

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7
Q

What kind of therapeutic shoeing can help?

A

-Wider in the toe and narrower in the heel, will allow heel to sink more than toe in soft footing
-Fish Shoe help with firm footing

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8
Q

If a horse has a severely over grown toe with a broken forward HPA how can you therapeutically shoe it?

A

Trim the front back as much as possible and can do a wedge to help

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9
Q

Why is “Wry Foot”?

A

Distorted Hoof Capsule
-One side is flared and one is very upright
-Secondary to angular limb deformity or rotational deformity (Felock varus medially)

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10
Q

How do you correctively trim and shoe a wry foot?

A

Trim medially where the flare is and place the shoe on the lateral side with the vertical conformation

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11
Q

If the horse is base wide, where will the flare be?

A

Lateral side and medial will be more upright

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12
Q

What happens if the hoof wall cracks?

A

Treat like fracture, no work, stabilize and stop motion to get it to heal

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13
Q

What are sheared heels?

A

When one heel bulb is displaced proximally over the other
-Secondary to the conformational defect of a horse
-Moderate issue

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14
Q

How do you correct sheared heels?

A

Floating (part of foot doesn’t touch shoe)
-Unload and try to get it to settle back down
-Moist in VA so easier to move
-Unload the non-weight baring side and suspend in air to get to sink

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15
Q

Why are thin walls and soles a problem?

A

Riskier to shoe (may go through important structures)
-Lose shoe, grow slower

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16
Q

What is a great option for shoeing a horse with thin walls and soles?

A

Glue on shoe
If nailing on use clips and place strategically

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17
Q

What does it mean if you have hoof wall rings that do not line up?

A

When they are not parallel to the coronary band it means the heel is growing more, may be chronically laminitis or broken forward hoof deformity

18
Q

What is sole bruising?

A

Anywhere in the sole, wings or bar

19
Q

How can you correctively shoe with sole bruising?

A

Bevel the shoe, unload and use pad to load and onion heel to not touch it, equipack

20
Q

What is thrush?

A

Superficial infection
-Anaerobic microbes invade the epidermal portion of frog, degrade keratin of epidermal
-Smelly
-Black exudate

21
Q

How do you treat thrush?

A

Clean and dry environment and bandage, shoe and pad with antiseptic, hoof packing with cooper sulfate or oakum

22
Q

What is Canker?

A

Hypertrophic growth of frog, cauliflower like, invade the germinal cells, sensitive to vasculature, cut and it will bleed

23
Q

What causes canker?

A

We don’t know, think it related to unclean environment

24
Q

How do you treat Canker?

A

Clean environment, surgical debridement, topical antimicrobials, shoe and pad for Longterm bandage

25
Q

What is a keratoma?

A

Benign tumor of the keratin producing cells of the hoof wall
-Causes pressure necrosis and repeated abscess

26
Q

How do you diagnose a keratoma?

A

Rads - very clear and delineated, sclerotic area with a smooth margin, can look moth eaten
-see well on 65 DP
-May find on prepurchase or with a chronic subsolar abscess (disrupts the white line and make it exposed to pathogens)

27
Q

How do you treat a keratoma?

A

-Remove it all the way to the hoof wall to the coronary band (In epithelium)
-Shoe and place a metal band to support structures

28
Q

How long does it take the hoof wall to grow back after removal?

A

4-6 months
8 weeks to repithelialize

29
Q

What is a hoof crack and how do they happen?

A

-Crack through the hoof wall
-Worry if vertical, fine if horizonal

30
Q

How do you treat a hoof crack?

A

-Ease breakover
-Correct cause
-Debride and patch over
-Bridge to stop movement
-May need metal bridge to stop forces

31
Q

What is white line disease and where does it occur?

A

-In the non-pigmented stratum medium
-When there is separation between the above and the lamella
-Secondary bacterial infection moves in
-Occurs when microbes move proximal faster than the hoof wall grows

32
Q

How do you treat white line disease?

A

-Open up the tract and get air to it, clean it out
-Tincture of iodine helps to dry it out and keep it antiseptic (orange and know if owner following) -show you where to debride (dark places)
-May shoe but no glue or things that cover and make anaerobic environment

33
Q

What is pedal osteitis?

A

Inflammation of the bone, fracture of distal Phalynx or septic distal Phalynx
-Common in thin sole thoroughbreds
-Mosty distal phalanx

34
Q

What are hoof wall avulsions?

A

When there has been trauma that pulls part of the hoof wall off

35
Q

Can you suture the hoof wall back on?

A

No, devitalized so it needs to come off

36
Q

How can you help treat a hoof wall avulsion?

A

Cast for 10-14 days to let it heal
Shoe - unload area, load healthier areas

37
Q

What is Sidebone?

A

Ossification of collateral cartilage (can be in 2 different directions)
No lameness unless cracks

38
Q

How does a farrier treat sidebone?

A

Limit frog and sole support (force through bony column)

39
Q

What is Quittor?

A

Infection of the collateral cartilage
-Wound or draining proximal to skin of hoof junction

40
Q

How do you treat quittor?

A

-Dont seal in
-Debride surguically
Remove some foot to get acess
-Remove proximal hoof wall
-Treat topically

EBCM Lecture (24 decks)

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