Diseases of the Foot 1 and 2 Flashcards
What is broken back hoof pastern Axis?
When the angle of the distal Phalynx P3 is less than the P2
Which structures are stressed in broken back hoof axis?
DDF, Coffin Joint, Navicular Apparatus
What are some therapeutic shoeing options for a broken back pastern?
Wedging, roll toe or rocker
Where is the midpoint of the foot that decides where the shoe should be placed?
The distal condyle of p2
What structures does a broken forward HPA put stress on?
Suspensory, Navicular, Sole of hoof
What is a broken forward hoof paster axis?
When the angle of P3 is greater than P2
What kind of therapeutic shoeing can help?
-Wider in the toe and narrower in the heel, will allow heel to sink more than toe in soft footing
-Fish Shoe help with firm footing
If a horse has a severely over grown toe with a broken forward HPA how can you therapeutically shoe it?
Trim the front back as much as possible and can do a wedge to help
Why is “Wry Foot”?
Distorted Hoof Capsule
-One side is flared and one is very upright
-Secondary to angular limb deformity or rotational deformity (Felock varus medially)
How do you correctively trim and shoe a wry foot?
Trim medially where the flare is and place the shoe on the lateral side with the vertical conformation
If the horse is base wide, where will the flare be?
Lateral side and medial will be more upright
What happens if the hoof wall cracks?
Treat like fracture, no work, stabilize and stop motion to get it to heal
What are sheared heels?
When one heel bulb is displaced proximally over the other
-Secondary to the conformational defect of a horse
-Moderate issue
How do you correct sheared heels?
Floating (part of foot doesn’t touch shoe)
-Unload and try to get it to settle back down
-Moist in VA so easier to move
-Unload the non-weight baring side and suspend in air to get to sink
Why are thin walls and soles a problem?
Riskier to shoe (may go through important structures)
-Lose shoe, grow slower
What is a great option for shoeing a horse with thin walls and soles?
Glue on shoe
If nailing on use clips and place strategically
What does it mean if you have hoof wall rings that do not line up?
When they are not parallel to the coronary band it means the heel is growing more, may be chronically laminitis or broken forward hoof deformity
What is sole bruising?
Anywhere in the sole, wings or bar
How can you correctively shoe with sole bruising?
Bevel the shoe, unload and use pad to load and onion heel to not touch it, equipack
What is thrush?
Superficial infection
-Anaerobic microbes invade the epidermal portion of frog, degrade keratin of epidermal
-Smelly
-Black exudate
How do you treat thrush?
Clean and dry environment and bandage, shoe and pad with antiseptic, hoof packing with cooper sulfate or oakum
What is Canker?
Hypertrophic growth of frog, cauliflower like, invade the germinal cells, sensitive to vasculature, cut and it will bleed
What causes canker?
We don’t know, think it related to unclean environment
How do you treat Canker?
Clean environment, surgical debridement, topical antimicrobials, shoe and pad for Longterm bandage
What is a keratoma?
Benign tumor of the keratin producing cells of the hoof wall
-Causes pressure necrosis and repeated abscess
How do you diagnose a keratoma?
Rads - very clear and delineated, sclerotic area with a smooth margin, can look moth eaten
-see well on 65 DP
-May find on prepurchase or with a chronic subsolar abscess (disrupts the white line and make it exposed to pathogens)
How do you treat a keratoma?
-Remove it all the way to the hoof wall to the coronary band (In epithelium)
-Shoe and place a metal band to support structures
How long does it take the hoof wall to grow back after removal?
4-6 months
8 weeks to repithelialize
What is a hoof crack and how do they happen?
-Crack through the hoof wall
-Worry if vertical, fine if horizonal
How do you treat a hoof crack?
-Ease breakover
-Correct cause
-Debride and patch over
-Bridge to stop movement
-May need metal bridge to stop forces
What is white line disease and where does it occur?
-In the non-pigmented stratum medium
-When there is separation between the above and the lamella
-Secondary bacterial infection moves in
-Occurs when microbes move proximal faster than the hoof wall grows
How do you treat white line disease?
-Open up the tract and get air to it, clean it out
-Tincture of iodine helps to dry it out and keep it antiseptic (orange and know if owner following) -show you where to debride (dark places)
-May shoe but no glue or things that cover and make anaerobic environment
What is pedal osteitis?
Inflammation of the bone, fracture of distal Phalynx or septic distal Phalynx
-Common in thin sole thoroughbreds
-Mosty distal phalanx
What are hoof wall avulsions?
When there has been trauma that pulls part of the hoof wall off
Can you suture the hoof wall back on?
No, devitalized so it needs to come off
How can you help treat a hoof wall avulsion?
Cast for 10-14 days to let it heal
Shoe - unload area, load healthier areas
What is Sidebone?
Ossification of collateral cartilage (can be in 2 different directions)
No lameness unless cracks
How does a farrier treat sidebone?
Limit frog and sole support (force through bony column)
What is Quittor?
Infection of the collateral cartilage
-Wound or draining proximal to skin of hoof junction
How do you treat quittor?
-Dont seal in
-Debride surguically
Remove some foot to get acess
-Remove proximal hoof wall
-Treat topically
