Farrier for Vets Flashcards
Why are horses trimmed?
Remove excess length, remove distortion, improve base support, prevent chipping, remove disease/deteriorated areas
Why do horses wear shoes?
Protection, treatment, traction and to alter gait
What are some consequences of horse shoes?
Increased shock/concussion to distal limb, traumatic hoof wall loss, puncture wound from chip or nail, sprung or twisted show, injury if kicked, nail too close to sensitive structures
What does a perfect foot look like?
-Symmetrical
-Thick bars (terminate at widest part of foot)
-Big frog takes up 60% length
-Healthy sole
Thick hoof wall
What is the key to trimming or shoeing a horse?
Load the healthy structures
How should you trim a foot for a shoe?
Flaten it (lead wall rounded (45 degree) for barefoot)
What is the ideal hoof patern axis?
Matched
What is an underrun heel?
More than 5 degree difference between the dorsal hoof wall and heel angle
(Heel 1/3 distance of dorsal hoof wall)
Growth ring matched and uniform
Where should the widest part of the hoof be?
Widest point behind the frog (3/4 to inch behind) - horse shoe half in front and behind
-Directly down from the distal condyle P2
What is key when assessing your hoof-pastern-axis?
Must be standing square
What is a broken back HPA?
When the angle of P2 is greater than the distal Phalynx
What structures are overloaded when you have a broken back HPA?
DDFT, Navicular bone, P2 and P1
How can you correctively shoe a broken back HPA?
Wedge 2-10 degree (get to any more is impovement
What is broken forward HPA
When the angle of P2 is less than that of the hoof wall
-Club foot, flexural limb deformity
What does broken forward HPA predispose the horse to?
Stain suspensory, sole bruising, stretched white line, abscesses
What is spry foot? How do you correct it?
Base wide horse/fetlock valgus makes medial side mor upright and lateral flare and more angles
-Shoe opposite side of flare
Horse have very thin walls so what is always possible when driving a nail?
Miss and hit something important or make an abscsess
What is the difference between direct and indirect glue on shoes?
Direct: glue to sole and hoof wall
Indirect: cuff or clip or tap to the outer hoof wall
What is a reason you would not want to glue on shoes?
Abscess
What are some different types of shoes?
Metal, glue on, soft ride boots, casting or wooden shoes
Why do we use pads?
Protect and support, recruit the sole and frog in load sharing, increase foot length, align the hoof pastern axis, protect wounds, act as artificial sole depth and aid with shock dissipation
What are negative functions of pads?
Pressure and pain, pressure and discomfort to issue area, pressure on navicular region, increase length, reduce traction, trap dirt and debris, anaerobic environment
What are some types of pads?
leather, plastic, urethane, metal and closed cell foam
Why are hospital pads helpful?
Can still get to sole for treatment
What are some pad types in terms of what they cover?
Full - all hoof
Rim - open to middle of foot
Bar- rim pad with heel conected
Wedge - increase in angle
Frog - pad with increased depth/thickness over the frog
What kind of materials can you pack the pad with?
Urethanes (Vettec), Silicone, Impression material, oakum
What should you always add to the pad and packing material as an antimicrobial and way to keep the foot dry?
Copper Sulfate
What is Urethane?
Packing material
-set up time effected by temp
-Sole gaurd - firm and protects sole
-equibuild firm- can use without a pad
-equipak
-equipak CS
-Sil-pak - less dense
-Equi-pak - soft
Describe Silicone as a packing material?
-Soft
-under a pad
-set up time affected by temp
-mix hardware silicone with betadine and copper sulfate
Describe silicone impression material:
Under pad or bandaged to feet, antimicrobial, set up affected by temp
-Always keep 2 jars on truck
Describe Oakum as a packing material
Fibrous hemp material, mix with venice turpentine and copper sulfate to make antiseptic packing
-Prevents sealing but keep debris out - great for abscess
What is breakover?
part of stance before flight of the foot (right before off the ground)
What are some modifications to help with breakover?
Rolled toe (Decrease stress and strain), rocker toe (bent cut sole depth to get it), square/blunt toe,
What do we use bar shoes for?
Limit independent heel movement, increase palmar/plantar support, increase surface are in back half of horse hoof, recruit front into load bearing
What are some types of bar shoes?
Straight, round, egg, heart, Z bar, G bar, Fish tail (increase lenght - palmar and plantar support )
