Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Embryology > Pharyngeal arches and clefts > Flashcards

Pharyngeal arches and clefts Flashcards

1
Q

Pharyngeal arches and clefts

A

week 4 and 5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cephalic precocity

A

anterior end develops before posterior end (head before tail)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Development of somites

A

cranial to caudal (aged)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Relationship between head and lateral folds

A

forms of 3D embryo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where ectoderm and endoderm meet is called what?

A

Oral plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Stomodeum

A

invagination of ectoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

External body form principles

A
  • rupture oral plate to become mouth orifice
  • opening into foregut
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Oral plate rupture

A

opening of mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Failure of this oral plate (membrane) to rupture before birth, block the flow into the mouth, need to surgically break the ________

A

membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

arches, clefts, and pharyngeal pouches

A
  • development of the head, neck, and face
  • 3rd-4th week of gestation
  • heart is also forming
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

growth of CT and direction by ________ _______ ______ in the cranial region results in the formation of arches __________ by clefts and pharyngeal pouches

A

neural crest cells; separated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Internally, lateral wall of the pharynx

A

Pharyngeal pouches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Arch

A

tissue hump

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cleft

A

“crack”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Pharyngeal (Brachial) cleft

A

external ectoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Pharyngeal (Brachial) arch

A

mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Pharyngeal (Brachial) pouch

A

internal endoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How many arches?

A

6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How many clefts?

A

4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How many pouches?

A

4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which arch deteriorates?

A

5th

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

External ectoderm

A

keratinized epidermis that covers the face and throat, and oral epithelium and sensory neurons of the epibranchial ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Internal endoderm

A

covers the inside of each pharyngeal arch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Depressions of this layer form the pharyngeal pouches, which are rich in ______ fibers

A

internal endoderm; actin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Endoderm and ectoderm layers physically touch to form a closed pharyngeal membrane, and portions of this layer contact with ectoderm to form what?

A

pharyngeal membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Middle mesoderm

A

is the core of the pharyngeal arches and develops into the skeletal musculature of the head and neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Endothelial cells for vascular structures are derived from this germ layer

A

middle mesoderm

28
Q

Neural crest

A

strip of tissue that runs down the back of the embryo and gives rise to a large number of different organs

29
Q

Neural crest cells

A

surround the mesoderm core and contributes to the formation of smooth muscle structures, bones, cartilages, tendons, and nerves

30
Q

Pharyngeal arches produce ________ cartilage, bone, nerves, muscles, glands, and connective tissue of the face and neck

A

specific

31
Q

Pharyngeal clefts (ectoderm)

A

Initially 4 clefts

32
Q

1st cleft

A
  • remains in the adult as the external auditory meatus
33
Q

2nd, 3rd, and 4th cleft

A

temporary, cervical sinuses then taken over by enlarging 2nd pharyngeal arch

34
Q

Pharyngeal arches

A

mesoderm and neural crest cells

35
Q

Each arch is associated with a specific _____ ____ structure

A

head; neck

36
Q

Which pharyngeal arch regresses soon after forming?

A

5

37
Q

Which pharyngeal arches are usually the focus?

A

1, 2, 3, 4

38
Q

Each arch components

A
  • innervated by an arch associated cranial nerve
  • artery
  • muscle compartment
  • skeletal/cartilaginous component
39
Q

In some animals, the arches rupture to form _____

A

gills

40
Q

Water comes in through mouth and pushed out through gills

A

respiration

41
Q

Humans also have gill ____ but we have modifications that prevent “break through”

A

slits

42
Q

At 5 weeks

A
  • 1, 2, 3, pharyngeal pouches are formed
  • 1-4 arches
  • clefts
43
Q

1-4 arches

A
  • cartilage becomes bone via endochondral ossification
  • connective tissue
  • neural crest cells dorsal to neural tube migrate down to form cranial nerves
  • somitomeres (mesoderm near neural tube migrates to arch) to form muscle and cartilage
  • blood supply via aortic arches
44
Q

Additional hemangioblasts that did not become vessels can give rise to __________ or hematopoietic stem cells that will give rise to all blood cells

A

angioblasts

45
Q

_______ commences in the extraembryonic mesoderm of the connecting stalk, umbilical vesicle and chorion

A

vasculogenesis

46
Q

Primitive heart function

A
  • as the blood and blood vessels begin to form, there is a concomitant establishment of the cardiogenic area
  • a pair of longitudinal tubes with endothelium called the endocardial heart tubes are formed during this time
  • they eventually fuse to form the primordial heart tube
  • it merges with embryonic and extraembryonic blood vessels to establish the primordial cardiovascular system
47
Q

In most cases, heartbeats commence at the end of week ____, making the heart the first functional organ of the embryo. However, this heartbeat is not readily appreciated until the 5th week of gestation

A

3

48
Q

Arch 1

A

Mandibular arch

49
Q

Arch 1 “Mandibular Arch”

A
  • all 3 germ layers involved
  • at week 5, Bifurcates to form:
    A.) Maxillary process
    B.) Mandibular process “arch”
50
Q

Maxillary process

A
  • Bone: upper jaw (maxilla), soft and hard palate, zygomatic, squamosal temporal, vomer
  • epidermis of upper lip (philtrum) and cheek
  • enamel of upper teeth
  • Parotid salivary gland (Stenson’s ducts)
  • “Mumps”
51
Q

Ectoderm invaginates to form _______ salivary gland on sides of face

A

parotid

52
Q

Buds form the echo and teeth form the ____

A

meso

53
Q

Mandibular process

A
  • Bone: mandible
  • Meckel’s cartilage
  • incus, malleus of middle ear
  • forms epidermis of upper auricle of ear and lower lip and jaw
  • enamel forms from ectoderm and early formation dentine from mesh
  • submandibular and sublingual glands
  • portions of tongue (muscle and frenulum)
54
Q

Pouch 1

A
  • Eustachian tube and part of tympanic cavity
  • internal membrane of eardrum
  • middle ear area
  • Innervated by Trigeminal nerve
55
Q

Cleft I

A

external auditory meatus

56
Q

Cleft II-IV

A

obliterated

57
Q

Epithelium covers

A
  • vestibule of mouth
  • palate of mouth
  • body of tongue
58
Q

Arch II

A

Hyoid arch

59
Q

Arch II “Hyoid Arch”

A
  • Bone: stapes
  • Part of hyoid (lesser horns)
  • Styloid process (temporal)
  • sides and front of upper neck area
  • epithelium of root of tongue
  • circulation of pharynx
  • dorsal 1/2 of auricle (ear)
60
Q

Pouch II

A
  • palatine tonsils
  • innervated by Facial nerve
61
Q

Arch III

A
  • Bone: part of hyoid bones (inferior part and greater Cornu/body)
  • common carotids and part of internal carotid artery
62
Q

Pouch III

A
  • thymus
  • parathyroid (inferior portion)
  • innervated by Glossopharyngeal nerve
63
Q

Arch IV

A

forms certain muscle and cartilage of larynx and lower pharynx

64
Q

Pouch IV

A
  • ultimobranchial bodies (fuse with thyroid as Parafollicular cells that produce Calcitonin “C” cells)
  • Parathyroid (superior portion
  • innervated by Vagus nerve
65
Q

Arch 5

A

disappears

Embryology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions