Bilaminer Disc & Endometrium Implantation Flashcards

1
Q

Week 2

A

Bilaminer disc and endometrium implantation

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2
Q

Review of blastula

A
  • Day 5
  • hallow ball of cells
  • Morula (SOILD ball) becomes Blastula (HALLOW ball)
  • Rapid series of mitotic cell divisions results in daughter Blastomeres
  • By Day 6: About 100 cells
  • AKA: Blastoderm or blastodisc around a space called the Blastocoel

ICM: embryo
Trophoblast: placenta

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3
Q

What is the purpose of the Bilaminer Disc?

A
  • Need to set up the organization of the embryo and extraembryonic membranes
  • prep for implantation into uterus
  • ICM (embryoblast) gives rise to 2 layered structures (epiblast and hypoblast)
  • these two layers together are flanked by the amniotic cavity and yolk sac
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4
Q

What are the two layered structures the embryoblast gives rise to?

A

1.) Epiblast
2.) Hypoblast

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5
Q

ICM is also called

A
  • Bilaminer disc
  • the primitive endoderm
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6
Q

4 extraembryonic membranes

A
  • protect and manage nutrients and wastes:
    1.) Chorion– vessels
    2.) Amnion– sac and fluids
    3.) Allantois– wastes
    4.) Yolk sac– nutrients
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7
Q

Waste removal is taken over by the______

A

umbilical cord

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8
Q

Movement of cells and cavities

A

cells need to differentiate and replicate

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9
Q

ICM called the _________

A

Bilaminer disc

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10
Q

ICM differentiates further into

A

1.) Epiblast (dorsal)
2.) Hypoblast (ventral)

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11
Q

Bilaminer disc forms

A
  • embryo proper (fetus)
  • extraembryonic membranes
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12
Q

The bilaminer disc splits the sphere to make TWO cavities

A

1.) Amniotic
2.) Chorionic/Blastocyst

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13
Q

ICM into Epiblast into what?

A
  • into the 3 germ layers
  • Allantois
  • Amnion
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14
Q

ICM into Hypoblast into what?

A
  • into Chorion
  • Yolk sac
  • does NOT become embryo
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15
Q

Amniotic cavity develops between__________ and __________

A

Trophoblast; Epiblast

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16
Q

Amniotic cavity

A

a thin layer of cells from epiblast surrounds the amniotic cavity to become the AMNION

17
Q

Syncytio-tropho-blast (STB) (together-nourish-cells)

A
  • the outer syncytial layer of the trophoblast that actively invades the uterine wall forming the outermost fetal component of the placenta
  • *Nutrient and waste exchange
  • Hormone synthesis
  • *STB produces human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), a hormone that stimulates the corpus luteum to produce progesterone, which helps maintain the pregnancy
  • *Protein and lipid metabolism
  • *Anti-angiogenic factors
  • *In preeclampsia, a major cause of maternal mortality and morbidity, the release of syncytial factors increases
18
Q

Cyto-tropho-blast (cells-nourish-cells)

A
  • a tissue of specialized cells in the placenta that lines the cavity and extends into the syncytiotrophoblast
  • *Invade the uterus and replace maternal cells that line uterine vessels; this allows them to divert maternal blood to the placenta
  • give rise to the plasmodial syncytiotrophoblast, which covers the placental villi *“Development”
  • *highly metabolically active and contribute to global metabolism in the placenta
  • *generate lipid droplets containing triglycerides and other lipid species
  • *also involved in preeclampsia- associated with shallow cytotrophoblast invasion, which can lead to decreased blood flow to the fetus
19
Q

The hypoblast cell number increases from Day 8-12

A

Hypoblast cells sends out 2 waves of endodermal cells into blastocoel

20
Q

1st wave

A

makes primary yolk sac

21
Q

2nd wave

A

transforms 1 degree yolk sac into a 2 degree yolk sac

22
Q

Chorion cavity

A

develops between trophoblast, outer amnion, and yolk sac from new extraembryonic mesodermal cells

23
Q

On days 11-13

A

Mother’s blood vessels move in

24
Q

Mammal gastrulation is similar to_____

25
The embryo is now a germ disc with:
- upper layer epiblast - lower layer hypoblast
26
ICM epiblast delaminates, forming what?
1.) Amniotic cavity 2.) Amnion 3.) Amnionic cavity (at embryonic pole)
27
Hypoblast forms what?
1.) Yolk sac 2.) Chorion
28
Epiblast cells will migrate through a _________ ________ forming embryonic primitive ________ and _________
Primitive Streak; Endoderm; Mesoderm