Heart and Vessels

Question 1

Heart forming details

Answer 1

• Mesoderm plus cardiac crescent
• Blood islands
• Heart tubes plus blood
• Pericardial cavity
• Dorsal Aorta
• Heart tube compartments/divisions
• Tube folding
• Electrical conduction

Question 2

Week 3-5

Answer 2

heart and vessels

Question 3

Pharyngeal arches contain what?

Answer 3

• mesoderm
• cartilage (to bone)
• nerve
• blood vessel

Question 4

What’s the purpose of heart development?

Answer 4

• creation of mesoderm into primitive heart and vascular system
• establishment of vascular system

Question 5

Heart development steps

Answer 5

1.) Primitive streak
2.) Mesodermal layer (trilaminar disc)
3.) Primary heart field (into lateral folds)
4.) 2 heart tubes
5.) fused heart
6.) Formation of valves, etc.

Question 6

“Card” equals

Answer 6

heart

Question 7

Heart forming details at week 3: Mesoderm and _________ heart progenitor cells travels through primitive streak toward the embryo’s _____ (day 16) and travel to _________ mesoderm

Answer 7

Primitive; head; splanchnic

Question 8

Splanchnic mesoderm becomes what?

Answer 8

heart

Question 9

Heart forming details at week 3: Mesoderm also forms the _______ ________, these form in the cariogenic region and ______ to become a “horseshoe-shaped” mesoderm area with 2 limbs, called the ________ ________ __ _______ _______

Answer 9

Blood Islands; FUSE; Primary Cardiac Field or Cardiac Crescent

Question 10

Vasculogenesis

Answer 10

secondary cardiac field
- forms vessels that become the 2 Heart Tubes!

Question 11

The _____ Ventricle and outflow comes from the medial cardiac crescent –> populates the pharynx before migrating to form the heart –> “secondary field” of cardiac precursor not part of early linear heart tube

Answer 11

Right

Question 12

During Week 3-4 (Day 19), the lateral mesoderm splits into what?

Answer 12

Somatic and splanchnic layer

Question 13

When the body folds are growing laterally and fuse at the ventral midline the Ectoderm ____ signals to splanchnic mesoderm and thus the limb’s blood island cells to organize/specialize/differentiate into 2 __________ _____ AND __________ _________

Answer 13

VEGF; endocardial tubes (mesoderm); Pericardial Cavities

Question 14

VEGF

Answer 14

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor

Question 15

At day 21-22, Endoderm VEGF influences ________ mesoderm, forming 2 endocardial tubes BUT layered…

Answer 15

splanchnic; 1.) Angioblast 2.) Hemocytoblast

Question 16

Angioblast

Answer 16

blood vessels –> heart tube –> endocardium

Question 17

Hemocytoblast

Answer 17

blood cells precursor

Question 18

Endocardial tubes ____ with body folding

Answer 18

FUSE

Question 19

The embryonic coelom gives rise to what?

Answer 19

Primitive pericardial cavity

Question 20

Primitive pericardial cavity forms ______ to each cardiac tube

Answer 20

lateral

Question 21

Mesoderm cells also form a pair of longitudinal vessels called what?

Answer 21

dorsal aorta

Question 22

Embryo is all _____ to _____ folding

Answer 22

cranial; caudal
- neural tube now formed

Question 23

Layers of Heart Tube

Answer 23

1.) Endocardium
2.) Cardiac Jelly (secreted)
3.) Myocardium

Question 24

At first, the heart tube and pericardial coelom are ________, BUT when head folds, it pushes heart (stuffs it) into the __________ cavity

Answer 24

Separate; pericardial

Question 25

As the heart tube fuse, the primordial myocardium forms from ____________ mesoderm of the pericardial coelom

Answer 25

splanchnic

Question 26

The epicardium (visceral pericardium) arise from the _______ surface of the sinus venous and spreads on the myocardium

Answer 26

external

Question 27

The 2 heart tubes fused into 1; this tube will continue to ___________

Answer 27

differentiate