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Anatomy > Pharyngeal Apparatus > Flashcards

Pharyngeal Apparatus Flashcards

1
Q

When do pharyngeal arches appear?

A

Week 4

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2
Q

Why do pharyngeal arches appear as pairs of bulges overlying the head and neck region?

A

Migration of neural crest cells

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3
Q

Four components of the pharyngeal apparatus

A

External: Grooves/clefts, arches

Internal: membranes and pouches

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4
Q

Outline the origin of mesenchyme for the following components of face and pharynx:

  • Skeletal elements
  • Muscle, dermis, endothelium, vertebrae
  • Tongue
A

Skeletal elements: Neural crest cells

Muscle/dermis etc:
Paraxial mesoderm

Tongue:
Paraxial mesoderm of occipital somites

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5
Q

Pharyngeal arches are also known by what name

A

Branchial arches (Gill)

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6
Q

How many pairs of pharyngeal arches are there? How many are visible? When are they visible?

A

6 total pairs. 4 are visible; pairs 5 and 6 are rudimentary. The 4 are visible at the end of week 4.

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7
Q

What are pharyngeal arches 5 and 6 associated with?

A

Arch 5, if present, has no function and regresses.

Arch 6, in tandem with 4, is associated with the aortic arch, proximal pulmonary vessels and muscle lining of the esophagus, laryngeal muscles and layrngeal cartilages.

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8
Q

Pharyngeal arches are comprised of a layer of ___________ between 2 epithelia: _____________ & ____________

A

mesenchyme.

Surface ectoderm, pharyngeal endoderm.

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9
Q

Pharyngeal clefts are located between what structures? What are they made of?

A

Section of surface ectoderm between pharyngeal arches.

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10
Q

Pharyngeal pouches are adjacent to what external structure?

A

Clefts/grooves

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11
Q

An artery, nerve (cranial), cartilage, and muscle component are all housed in what Pharyngeal apparatus component?

A

Arch

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12
Q

What’s formed from cartilage from the 1st arch?

A

Maxillary Process (Zygomatic bone, vomer, inferior nasal conchae, maxilla).

Mandibular Process: (Mandible and squamous portion of temporal bone)

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13
Q

What does the dorsal portion of Meckel’s cartilage become?

A

Meckel’s cartilage - dorsal portion breaks off to form malleus and incus.

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14
Q

Where is Meckel’s cartilage located?

A

1st arch - mandibular process

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15
Q

Perichondrium from the middle portion of Meckel’s cartilage persists as:

A

Anterior ligament of malleus

Sphenomandibular ligament.

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16
Q

What part of Meckel’s cartilage doesn’t degenerate?

A

Dorsal portion

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17
Q

What cartilage is unique to 2nd arch cartilage?

A

Reichert’s cartilage

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18
Q

Reichert’s cartilage forms what two structures?

A

Styloid process

Stapes

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19
Q

Perichondrium from middle portion of Reichert’s cartilage persists as?

A

Stylohyoid ligament

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20
Q

The ventral portion of 2nd arch cartilage becomes what?

A

Lesser cornu of hyoid bone and upper body of hyoid bone.

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21
Q

What structures are derived from 3rd arch cartilage?

A

Greater cornu of hyoid bone + lower body of hyoid bone

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22
Q

Term for an elevation that develops on the floor of the pharynx of arches 3 and 4

A

Hypopharyngeal eminence

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23
Q

From what structure is the cartilage of the epiglottis derived?

A

Mesenchyme within the hypopharyngeal eminence.

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24
Q

What muscles are associated with the first arch?

A
  • muscles of mastication (temporalis, masseter, pterygoids).
  • Mylohyoid m.
  • anterior belly of digastric m.
  • tensory tympani, tensor veli palatini mm. “two tiny tensors”
25
Q

What CN is associated with 1st arch muscle?

A

CN V

26
Q

What muscles are associated with the 2nd arch?

A
  • muscles of facial expression
  • stylohyoid m.
  • posterior belly of digastric m.
  • occipitalis
  • Stapedius
27
Q

What CN is associated with 2nd arch muscle?

A

CN VII

28
Q

What muscle is associated with the 3rd arch?

A

Stylopharyngeus m.

29
Q

What CN is associated with 3rd arch muscle?

A

CN IX

30
Q

What muscle is associated with the 4th arch?

A

Pharyngeal muscles. (Pharyngeal constrictor mm., cricothyroid m., levator veli palatini m.)

31
Q

What CN is associated with 4th arch muscle?

A

CN X

32
Q

Superior laryngeal branch of CN X innervates what arch

A

4

33
Q

Recurrent laryngeal branch of CN X innervates what arch

A

6

34
Q

Two divisions of CN V?

A

V2 + V3

35
Q

Derivatives of the middle portion of Pouch 1?

A

Tympanic membrane and mastoid antrum

36
Q

The Eustachian tube is formed by the elongation of a connection between what two structures?

A

Tubotympanic recess and pharynx

37
Q

Pouch 1 contributes to the endoderm of what structure?

A

Tympanic membrane

38
Q

Derivative of pouch 2?

A

Palatine tonsil

39
Q

Dorsal buds of pouch 3 become what?

A

Inferior parathyroid gland

40
Q

Ventral buds of pouch 3 become what?

A

thymus

41
Q

Dorsal buds of pouch 4 become what?

A

Superior parathyroid gland

42
Q

Ventral buds of pouch 4 become what?

A

Ultimopharyngeal body - ventral buds fuse with thyroid gland.

43
Q

Cells w/in Ultimopharyngeal bodies become what cells

A

Parafollicular cells (C cells) - produce calcitonin

44
Q

Which pharyngeal groove contributes a postnatal structure? What’s the structure?

A

External auditory meatus is derivative of 1st pharyngeal groove.

45
Q

During what week does arch 2 begin to overgrow arches 3 and 4?

A

week 5

46
Q

The uniting of grooves 2 and 4 forms what structure?

A

Cervical sinus

47
Q

Cause of cervical cyst? Where does this occur?

A

Remnant of cervical sinus/vesicle. Alternatively, can be caused by 2nd groove forming fluid-filled cyst. Develops below mandible angle.

48
Q

First endocrine gland to develop

A

thyroid

49
Q

What structure temporarily links the thyroid gland and tongue?

A

Thyroglossal duct

50
Q

The obliteration of the thyroglossal duct leaves what structure?

A

foramen cecum

51
Q

When does the tongue start to develop?

A

Week 4

52
Q

Which arch is responsible for formation of the tongue? What specific structures contribute?

A

Arch 1. 2 Medial and 2 lateral lingual swellings.

53
Q

Which portion of the tongue is formed from the first arch?

A

Anterior 2/3

54
Q

The posterior 1/3 of the tongue is formed by what two elevations in the floor of the pharynx?

A

Hypopharyngeal eminence and copula

55
Q

What v-shaped line separates the anterior 2/3 from posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

A

Terminal sulcus

56
Q

What CN is general sensory for anterior 2/3 tongue?

A

CN V3

57
Q

What CN is anterior 2/3 taste? What special name?

A

CN VII - chorda tympani

58
Q

What CNs innervate posterior 1/3 - general sensory/taste

A

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Anatomy (11 decks)

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