Pharmacology T or F Flashcards
T or F: Tolerance is the decreased effect of a drug over time
True
T or F: Generic drug names are written in lowercase and are typically less expensive than name-brand drugs
True
T or F: Schedule I drugs are less likely to be abused than scheduled V drugs
False
T or F: When two drugs are synergistic, it means they must be administered in higher amounts when given together because they do not work as well as they do when administered alone
False
T or F: Enteral drugs are given via gastrointestinal tract, while parenteral drugs bypass the gastrointestinal tract
True
T or F: An overdose is a toxic effect that occurs when too much drug is given.
True
T or F: Topical administration is when a drug is administered on the skin or ear, but not the eye
False
T or F: Sublingual administration is when a drug is placed in the cheek pouch against the oral mucous membranes
False
T or F: Topical is when a drug is administered on the surface, while intradermal is when it is injected into the dermal layer of the skin
True
T or F: The therapeutic index is the effective dose divided by the lethal dose
False
It is made by calculating the lethal dose by the effective dose
T or F: Intraosseous is when a drug is injected into the bone marrow of the long bone
True
T or F: The effective dose (ED50) is the dose that is lethal in 50% of participants
False
ED50 is the dose that produces the desired response in 50% of patients
LD50 is lethal dose in 50% of participants
T or F: Pharmacokinetics is what the body does to the drug
True
T or F: Efficacy (Emax) is the maximal response obtained by the drug
True
The highest point on a graph has the greatest efficacy. More drugs will not increase this number but may result in more adverse reactions
T or F: The medulla of the kidney is what filters toxins and produces urine
False
Nephrons are microscopic units that filter blood and produce urine. The medulla is the inner part of the kidney responsible for urine concentration
T or F: Pharmacodynamics is what the drug does to the body
True
T or F: Adverse reactions are undesirable effects after the administration of a drug
True
T or F: There is a strong relationship between potency and efficacy
False
There is no relationship between potency (amount of drug needed to achieve desired effect) and efficacy (max response obtained by a drug)
T or F: The primary site of drug metabolism is the lungs
False
The primary site for drug metabolism is the liver. Some drugs can be metabolized in the kidneys, blood, and lungs.
T or F: Therapeutic action is the range between the dose causing the minimum effect and the adverse reactions
False
Therapeutic action is the desired response of the drug
T or F: Half-life is the time it takes a drug to put a detrimental effect (or half-life) on the kidney)
False
Half-life is the time it takes for the body to eliminate half of the drug present in the body
Pharmacokinetics is what the body does to the drug
True
T or F: Drugs are eliminated from the body solely by urine and feces
False
Drugs are eliminated from the body via urine, feces, sweat, milk, saliva, tears, and by respiration
Diuretics are also known as water pills
True
Amlodipine and nifedipine are examples of calcium channel blockers
True
Cardiovascular drugs like sodium-channel blockers, beta-blockers, and calcium-channel blockers can cause arrhythmias
False
All slows down the electrical impulses in the heart so it can beat regularly again
Blood thinners are coagulation agents
False
Class III antiarrhythmic drugs are calcium-channel blockers that slow the heart rate by slowing electrical impulses
False
Class III is potassium-channel blockers
Beta-blockers dilate blood vessels to allow for a better flow of oxygen
False
Beta-blockers decrease cardiac output by slowing the HR and decreasing force of contraction
Hydrocodone is a narcotic example of an antitussive
True
Theophylline and aminophylline are examples of expectorant drugs and help expect mucus from the lungs
False
Bronchodilators are cough suppressants that inhibit the brain stem region responsible for coughing
False
A common side effect of bronchodilator drugs is musculoskeletal twitching
True
Flovent, a corticosteroid inhalant, takes 7-10 days to reach full effect
True
Antacids work by decreasing the gastric pH and increasing the hydrochloric acid secretion in the stomach
False
Emetic drug apomorphine is typically used in cats, while xylazine hydrochloride is used to induce vomiting in dogs
False
Gastrointestinal drugs, such as laxatives, can cause constipation or be used to ensure there are contents in the lower intestinal tract prior to medical procedures
False
Antiemetic drugs are appetite stimulants
False
Dexmedetomidine is the best emetic for cats, while apomorphine is the best emetic for dogs
True
SSRIs (Selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors) such as sertraline may cause paradoxical excitability and/or disinhibition of aggression in some patients
False
Benzodiazepines can cause paradoxical excitability/or disinhibition of aggression in some patients
Pentobarbital is the first choice in dogs due to its low cost and high success rate
False
Reversal agents for opioid activate opioid receptors
False
Analgesics causes loss of consciousness
False
NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) is commonly used for patients with osteoarthritis
True
NSAIDs can be used as analgesics for broken bones
False
NSAIDs are more effective if taken before pain
True
Neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH), protamine zinc (PZI) and glargine insulin are all short-acting and used to create a rapid drop in blood sugar
False
Regular insulin is short-acting and used to create a rapid drop in blood sugar
T3 (triiodothyronine), T4 (thyroxine), and TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) are all produced by the pituitary gland
False
TSH is released by the pituitary gland and T3 and T4 are secreted by the thyroid gland in response to that
Penicillin works by inhibiting cell wall synthesis
True
A superinfection is more common following treatment with a narrow-spectrum antibiotic
False
Antimicrobials that affect the cell wall (penicillin, cephalosporin) or the cell membrane (polymyxin B, colistin) are bactericidal
True
Tetracycline works by killing bacteria
False
Inhibits bacteria growth by inhibiting protein synthesis
Ketoconazole works by inhibiting metabolic processes
True
Works by inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis
Ivermectin is the best anti-parasitic drug in for collie breed dogs
False
Fatal in breeds with the mutation of the MDR1 gene such as collies
Macrocyclic lactones are used to kill heart worms
True
Heartgard (ivermectin) kills heart worms
Macrocyclic lactones can kill fleas, roundworms, ticks, heart worm, mites, and lice
True
Heartgard, Sentinel, and Revolution
Revolution and Advantage are examples of topical anti-parasitic drugs
True
Synthetic pyrethroids, such as etofenprox, kill flea and ticks, but are toxic to cats
True
Anexate is the reversal drug for opiates
False
Flumazenil has been used as a successful therapy for benzodiazepines such as diazepam toxicosis in dogs and cats
Dexmedetomidine can be reversed with the help of atipamezole
True
Acetylcysteine is used to treat acetaminophen toxicity
True
Vaccines can cure a disease
False
